Children and their Issues Parenting

Questions: 1. State the developmental needs of the children and appraise the extent to which these developmental needs have been met under their current home situation.What would be some concerns you might have regarding their development 2. Using the ecological perspective and/or ABCX model and the tools of the familys genogram, ecomap and timeline assess the family after making the home visit [10 marks]. In the process, demonstrate your understanding of issues around the protection of childrenfrom the evidence you have gathered in Question 13. From your assessment, set goals and propose implementation plans for thechildren and/or family. Evaluate the extent to which you would be ableto apply the strengths perspective in your intervention plans. Please also evaluate the extent to which you are able to safeguard the childrens wellbeing and any other vulnerable adults in the family in your implementationplans.4. As you work with the clients, discuss the extent of relevance of professional dutyt o safeguard and the clients right to privacy. Answers: 1. Different frameworks have defined various developmental needs of children which if achieved successfully will gift a life to a child that will not only be overwhelming but will also help the child to achieve a bright future. The first that can be described is the need for physical activity which ultimately helps in developing both small and also large muscles giving them a stature and also goofs for physical health and safe from different diseases like obesity and others (Keenan, Evans Crowley, 2016). However, Sam spent most of the time baby-sitting for his siblings getting less scope for physical activity. This increases chance of improper body development affecting his health physically. He practiced no proper movement skills which might affect his coordination and overall physical fitness. Secondly, the better social and emotional development of the child, better he will be able to communicate with his parents, relatives and also with other children (NICHD, 2016). He will be a ble to express himself more effectively. He will also be able to achieve experiences that will help them to understand and respond to emotions to others. In case of Sam, one can see that his immediate environment is absolutely not apt for his correct social skill development. The parents are the immediate guidance that the children look for. Sams father is abusive with not only his wife but also with Sam which leaves an impression on him that this is the right way to behave when angry. This led him to beat his friend at school when a tensed situation might have grown between them. Therefore a proper atmosphere with much happiness, proper behaviors among the family members, expression of strength among different relationships, sharing of commitment and dedication from each is very necessary for him to evolve as a better human being. These attributes will make him both socially and emotionally strong and help in correct paths of humanity (Cook et al., 2015). Approaches to learning new tasks, challenges and difficult problems need also to be handled carefully so that the child may develop curiosity, interest, and ability to stay on the task and evolve as a better human being ready to face challenges in lives. Other area is development of thinking ability and also the general knowledge that helps the child to understand how the world works (Bornstein Bradley, 2014). The condition of the family is not financially well and the abusive nature of the male head is an additional blow on the family. In such a crisis condition it becomes very difficult for the child to develop his learning skill. Moreover Mrs. Liam always remains unhappy and breaks down into tears which will result in a very negative aspect on Sam. It may make him learn beating makes a person weak which he can apply in future lives resulting in massacred future. On the other hand, it may make him emotionally weak for the future where he may never have the courage to express him or may not develop the fee ling of inferiority or insecurity complex affecting his future lives (Donohue et al., 2014). The other point is the communication, language and also literacy which can be achieved through important evidence based activities. The strenuous situation that prevailed in the house of Mr.Lim gave the family members very little scope to practice the different activities that would result in the development of proper literacy skills. This would affect his career in future life as well. 2. Reuben Hill has given forward a family stress adaption theory known famously as the Hills ABCX model that helps in identifying the different crisis that a family goes through along with the contributors that cause the stress. He had described that major stressful events often disrupt the equilibrium of the family and hence the family needs to re-establish the equilibrium with the help of the coping mechanism to handle stress. In the ABCX model, the A refers to the different incidents and the events that lead to disruption of the equilibrium such as serious illness, divorce, abuse of children and also spouse and others (Kennedy et al., 2016). The B factors mainly denote the protective factors that help in acting as buffer to against the negative consequences of the stress that had come upon the family suddenly. They mainly include different external as well as different internal as well as different external family resources and also denote the social support that the families can eek for from the community, or the church and similar charitable organizations. The concerned family of the case study had already fulfilled these criteria as they had been taking social helps but they also need to take help of counselors to help them cope with the adverse environment. C of the ABCX model usually denotes the perceptions that the family develops when they face the events and feel the stresses. Hill had stated that if the family perceives the stresses positively or constructively they are better able to cope with the situation. However when the family perceives and dwell on the negative impact of the situation for a long time,, they themselves get hyper and stressed out and depression engulfs them (Frsihman et al., 2017). Mrs. Lim had perceived the situation in the later way and therefore it resulted her to frequently break down while describing them and was not been able to take steps that would lead to the betterment of the family. The X of the ABCX model refers to family crisis which states that if the family fails to cope up with the process of regaining back the equilibrium, it ends in family crisis (Pozo, Saria Brioso, 2014). As the family member could not cope up with the stresses that were created due to the abusive nature of the male head, the entire equilibrium got disrupted resulting in arrival of crisis to which not only Mrs., Liam but also Sam became a victim of it. From preparation of genogram, provided by the case study, one can find out not only the relationship shared by the different individual mentioned in the case study but can also determine the emotional relationship shared by them (Gibson Taylor, 2016). Mr. Lim was previously married to a lady who was already pregnant with Lims first child named Siew Lee who is now 19 years old. Her mother ran away with her due to the abusive nature of her husband Mr. Liam. Now Siew Lees mother is dead due to cancer. His second wife married him when she was pregnant with their child named Sam. She did so to make her father recover from heart attack. However he is already dead now for 1.5 years. Sam has four siblings named Alex (6 years old), Lily (4 years old) and Cindy (18 months) who suffer a lot due to the poor financial condition of the family which has developed due to drinking habit of the Mr.Liam. Financial help is provided by Mr. Liams mother and also by Siam Lee to some extent. From the entir e study it can be seen that abusive nature and the drinking habits of Mr. Liam have destroyed the mental and emotional peace of the family along with physical harm not only one but twice in cases of both his marriage. Ecomap is especially helpful while during counseling that helps to recognize the causal factors of the family stress and also providing different solutions as a method of counseling to the entire family (Crawford, Grant Crews, 2016). The case however gives no reason for the development of the abusive habit of Mr. Lim that was having a huge impact on the family. Various supports that the family can have are support from church and clergy, counseling techniques from family counselors. Mr. Liam should be sent for rehabilitation. They can also seek for organizations that handle such crimes in order to help her family live well. They may join communities giving support to such families and can express their feelings. All these would help them to regain back the equilibrium. Time frame setting would help the counselor to understand the important interventions that she need to take for helping the family. After assessing the condition of the family with each of the tools provided, one can see that the children are at greater risk for developing adverse behaviors as most are in the cognitive phase of learning. They make take up wrong habits and develop poor principles which will not only harm them in the future but also make the people surrounding them vulnerable to threats from them in future (Boss, 2014). Ecomap providing services to Sam and his mother 3. Relationship counseling is advisable to a couple where both of them want to participate. It remains mainly based on shared respect for each other and also depends upon their perceptions of their responsibilities to each other and also to their family (Salloum et al., 2014). However in case of Mr. Liam it is seen that when he was asked for counseling, he did not deny it but also did not come to participate in the counseling. This proved of his lack of interest to make the condition of his family better. In such case the implementation plan should involve individual counseling. It will help the victim here like Mrs. Liam to understand the pattern of violence occurring to her and family and thereby advise her of the safety procedures she needed to follow. Different therapies would help her to minimize the negative feelings grown from the adverse incidents and develop strength in her to turn back and protest. Group therapy can be instructed for her who will help her to interact with s everal other such victims and share their feelings (Negar Prinz, 2015). This is seen to be helpful for them and provide them with a network of support. Mrs. Liam should attend such therapies to make her feel emotionally strong and not blame herself for the conditions she is facing. She can also attend art therapy and also music therapy that will give her creative outlet for her feelings. Once Mrs. Lim becomes mentally and emotionally strong she can be great backbone for her children and will be able to protect them with stern protests against such behavior from Mr. Lim. Children like Sam who have faced such trauma of abuse and had seen domestic violence on mother should be immediately allowed to flush out their feelings to a counselor so that his immediate feelings can be understood. A counselor would then try to make such feeling of the child mould in a better way so that they do not develop any sort of unhealthy feelings. Otherwise these same children may end up on relationships in future which may be troubled where they might become the abuser or the victim. Play therapy will help Sam to explore life events that are having an effect on current circumstances in a manner which will be conducted through play and also through language (Smith et al., 2014). This is often denoted by renowned counselors as the important and also effective treatment for developing appropriate mental health. Sand tray therapy should also be used for the children where Sam will be able to develop microcosm using toys and sand. This would allow Sam to help him resolve confl icts, remove obstacles and gain acceptance as he grows up. Parent child interaction therapy would have a great impact if Mrs. Liam can make Mr. Lim participate in this therapy as this therapy is known to provide best outcomes for families in crisis. The children are at a high level of threat from their father and interventions are to be taken for their emotional and physical development. 4. Concerned organization of the social workers like counselors and others have to follow the codes of the Singapore Association of Social Workers (SASW) which states that counselor should completely keep the information of a family private and maintain the familys privacy by not disclosing it to the any strangers or other distant relatives (Sorbo et al., 2014). As a human being, it would be a duty to protect Mrs. Liam and her children from any life threats that they are facing and would make arrangement like emergency help line numbers and monitoring their family so that they may remain safe in future. The Counselor would also try to provide her the address of different charitable organization where she can get support for better living. References: Bornstein, M. H., Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014).Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. Boss, P. (2014). Family stress. InEncyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research(pp. 2202-2208). Springer Netherlands. Cook, R. E., Klein, M. D., Chen, D. (2015).Adapting early childhood curricula for children with special needs. Pearson. Crawford, M. R., Grant, N. S., Crews, D. A. (2016). Relationships and rap: Using ecomaps to explore the stories of youth who rap.British Journal of Social Work,46(1), 239-256. Donohue, B., Azrin, N. H., Bradshaw, K., Van Hasselt, V. B., Cross, C. L., Urgelles, J., ... Allen, D. N. (2014). A controlled evaluation of family behavior therapy in concurrent child neglect and drug abuse.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,82(4), 706. Frishman, N., Conway, K. C., Andrews, J., Oleson, J., Mathews, K., Ciafaloni, E., ... McKirgan, L. (2017). Perceived quality of life among caregivers of children with a childhood-onset dystrophinopathy: a double ABCX model of caregiver stressors and perceived resources.Health and Quality of Life Outcomes,15(1), 33. Gibson, D. M., Taylor, J. V. (2016). Using the Genogram for Career Assessment and Intervention With an Economically Disadvantaged Client.Postmodern Career Counseling: A Handbook of Culture, Context, and Cases, 163. Keenan, T., Evans, S., Crowley, K. (2016).An introduction to child development. Sage. Kennedy, S. C., Kim, J. S., Tripodi, S. J., Brown, S. M., Gowdy, G. (2016). Does ParentChild Interaction Therapy reduce future physical abuse? A meta-analysis.Research on social work practice,26(2), 147-156. Neger, E. N., Prinz, R. J. (2015). Interventions to address parenting and parental substance abuse: Conceptual and methodological considerations.Clinical psychology review,39, 71-82. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2016). Child-care structure process outcome: Direct and indirect effects of child-care quality on young children's development.Psychological Science. Pozo, P., Sarri, E., Brioso, A. (2014). Family quality of life and psychological well?being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: a double ABCX model.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,58(5), 442-458. Salloum, A., Scheeringa, M. S., Cohen, J. A., Storch, E. A. (2014). Development of stepped care trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for young c Smith, A. L., Cross, D., Winkler, J., Jovanovic, T., Bradley, B. (2014). Emotional dysregulation and negative affect mediate the relationship between maternal history of child maltreatment and maternal child abuse potential.Journal of Family Violence,29(5), 483-494. Srb, M. F., Grimstad, H., Bjrngaard, J. H., Lukasse, M., Schei, B. (2014). Adult physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and postpartum depression, a population based, prospective study of 53,065 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,14(1), 316.

Ocr Health and Social Care free essay sample

You will take the following modules: Care practice and provision – meeting service user needs, multidisciplinary teams, promotion of quality assurance by services, legislation. Anatomy and physiology in practice – respiratory system, cardio-vascular system, digestive system, reproductive system, renal system and musculo – skeletal system. Child development – patterns of development, influencing factors, theories of play, how to plan and make a learning aid for a child. The anatomy and physiology module will be exam assessed. The others will be portfolio assessed. General Hints and Tips * Back up all coursework – do not rely on one computer/ memory stick to keep files on. * Put page numbers on coursework – they are needed for marking! * Refer to texts used throughout your writing. * Bring this booklet to all lessons where you are likely to work on coursework. * Hand in coursework on time and do not leave completion until the last minute. * Bring in coursework as you go along if you are unsure that you are working on the right lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocr Health and Social Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have exemplar coursework (both excellent and very bad) which you are welcome to look at for ideas/ guidance. Care Practice and Provision During this module you will learn about: * Meeting the needs of service users at a local level. * How servicers and practitioners meet individual needs. * Ways in which practitioners within services work in multi-disciplinary teams. * How quality assurance is promoted by services. * Effects of national policy and legislation on care practice and provision. * Conducting a survey relating to quality assurance. This module is portfolio assessed. Coursework You need to produce an investigation to show how demographic factors influence the provision of health, social care and early years services in the local area, illustrating how two different local services meet the needs of one service user. AO1 Marks: 10 What do I need to do? Choose two demographic influences which have influenced the organisation and provision of services in the local area from the following: †¢ Health needs †¢ Disability †¢ Age of populations †¢ Unemployment †¢ Numbers of single parent families †¢ The number of older people in the population. Research your two chosen demographic influences using the internet, National Trends, local information sources. Write a factual account of the stages in local planning of services which includes information about: * How local plans are produced. * How demographic characteristics/trends are used to assess local needs * The ways in which services are commissioned * A description of the involvement of local stakeholders who contribute to the plan * The influence of national and local targets * How local services are organised (look at them nationally, locally and internally). The processes of monitoring and evaluating service provision. Describe ways in which national and local standards, targets and objectives may influence planning (you can include this when showing how plans are produced. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 4 marks Candidates select two demographic factors which have influenced the planning and provision of services; candidates use written expression which uses appropriate specialist vocabulary to comprehensively describe how relevant demographic characteristics/trends are used to assess local needs and inform the planning and provision of services. 3 marks they produce a comprehensive description of the planning of services. * 3 marks- they give a comprehensive explanation of the influence of national and local standards, targets and objectives on the planning and provision of services. AO2 Choose one national policy or piece of legislation on care practice which relates to the service user and services. Explain the impact that it has had. You must evaluate its effectiveness from the following: (i) The service user’s perspective (ii) The practitioners (iii) And/or the services. You must: * Identify the strengths and weaknesses * Make reasoned j udgments Draw valid conclusions of the effects. You do not have to relate the legislation to the service user in the case study, but may choose to. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 4 marks candidates accurately and independently apply in-depth knowledge and understanding to give a comprehensive explanation of the impact of one national policy or piece of legislation on care practice and provision; * 6 marks candidates give a comprehensive explanation of the impact from two different perspectives, e. g. from the viewpoint of the person who uses services, the practitioner and/or the service. Possible Coursework Layout * Basic outline of the legislation. * Implications on case study and whether the law has a positive or negative effect * Effect of the law on service providers AO3 You should pick two quality assurance mechanisms (they can be the same for each service) used by two services (ideally relevant to your case study). The following is a list of possible quality assurance mechanisms: improving information and consultation with service users, e. g. ‘Your Guide to the NHS; implementing quality-service standards, e. g. National Service Frameworks; using performance measures, e. g. Star Ratings’; improving registration and inspection procedures; evaluating the quality of services experienced by users, e. g. through surveys such as the Patient’s Survey; rewarding good practice, e. g. the Charter Mark; developing procedures for complaints and providing opportunities for suggestions from service users and staff; raising the training levels within the s ector. * Carry out research to investigate the quality assurance systems used by the services. Your research methods could include any from the following list, but you must use both primary and secondary sources: * Questioning practitioners Questioning service users * Interviews * Surveys * Observation of practice * Organisational documents * Publications * Textbooks * Internet. Give reasons for the research techniques you have chosen to use (either when discussing the information gathered or as an appendix). Step by Step Guide * Choose two quality assurance mechanisms (evaluating quality of services and improving information and consultation with service users are recommended). * Choose two services you would like to research. Choose methods of research – you must use some primary research e. g. questionnaire, interviews. Keep it simple. You do not have to gather the same research for each service but this may help you later on. Remember that you will need to justify your methods. * Carry out your research. * You should find out about the methods of quality assurance – which do they use and how useful do they find the different methods? How do they gather the information and how do they use this information? E. g. using patient comment cards might flag up an issue with reception layout which they can then alter. * Write a description of the quality assurance methods you have found out about. Analyse them using the information you have gathered. Justify why each mechanism is used. Are there any disadvantages with using these methods? Is one mechanism more suited to one of your care settings than another? * Justify your research methods. Why did you use each method? How useful and accurate are they? You can either justify these methods throughout your essay or as an appendix at the end. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 6 marks Candidates undertake research using a wide range of appropriate primary and secondary sources of information, e. g. andidates collected primary evidence through interviews, surveys or observation and secondary evidence via the internet, organisational documents and publications. * 9 marks candidates use the information gathered to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the quality assurance mechanisms used by two services; an in-depth analysis, with a range of appropriate examples, of a wide range of quality assurance mechanisms used by two services is evident. Possible Coursework Layout * Introduction. * Service one – 2 methods – advantages and disadvantages of each, why used etc. Service two – 2 methods – advantages and disadvantages of each, why used etc. * Why each research method was used. * Bibliography AO4 Prepare questions to use to gather information from practitioners who work in two different services which provide care for your chosen service user. Make sure you identify the needs of the service user and relate this to PIES. Visit the services to gather the information you need and/or research from books and the internet. Explain the approaches used by practitioners working in the two services from the following: * Preventative and treatment The holistic approach * The empowerment approach * The behavioral approach. Use the two approaches to explain and analyse how practitioners meet the needs of the service user. You should include information about the purpose of individual care assessments and plans used in meeting the needs of the service user. Explain how practitioners work in multi-disciplinary teams to meet the needs of the service user. Use examples to highlight the information provided. Evaluate how well working in a multi disciplinary team benefits the s ervice user. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) 5 marks- Candidates provide a comprehensive evaluation, making reasoned judgments and drawing valid conclusions about the approaches used by practitioners working in two different services; candidates use the approaches to give a comprehensive analysis of how practitioners meet the needs of the person who uses services; * 4 marks- a comprehensive analysis, using a range of appropriate examples, of how practitioners work in partnership is evident. * 6 marks- candidates apply in-depth knowledge, understanding and skills to comprehensively evaluate how working in partnership benefits people who use services. Case Study Adam is a 19 year old student. He has just finished his A levels and is going to start university. His family and friends have noticed that he has been fairly withdrawn recently and his personal hygiene is deteriorating. He spends long periods of time in his room and will not socialise with his friends. Initially his mother persuaded him to see his GP and he was given mild antidepressants but then the situation got much worse and Adam attempted to take his own life. He was sectioned under the Mental Health Act and admitted to a local mental health unit. He spent three weeks there after being diagnosed with schizophrenia. During his time at the unit he spent time sorting his medication out and coming to terms with his diagnosis. He has since been discharged and is now under the care of adult community care services for adults. In the town where Adam lives, the local NHS and Social Services have merged to form an NHS and Social Care Trust. AO1 Generic – requires candidates to look at two local demographic characteristics and show how these influence service provision (10. 2. 1). The 2 required could relate to your case study. Which organizations are involved in planning and delivering services in your area? How are service users’ needs identified and met? Identify the stages undertaken at local planning level, i. e. how plans are produced, the role of stakeholders. Who would be involved in the planning? How do they monitor and evaluate the planning process? AO2 Adam will need to have his needs identified (PIES), e. g. physical – schizophrenia medication, intellectual – getting him back into study, emotional – helping him to come to terms with his diagnosis, social – rebuilding relationships/friendships. Identify the two different services he will be using, i. e. community psychiatric nurse/consultant psychiatrist and a social worker. Describe how each practitioner meets Adam’s needs. What approaches does each utilise? For example, the merging of the two trusts gives a more holistic approach to Adam’s treatment and the social worker may look at the empowerment approach so that Adam feels that he is making decisions about his care, etc. How do the practitioners work in multi-disciplinary teams, e. g. care assessments, individual care plans, how often are these reviewed, how they link with the Inpatient unit Adam was in, etc. AO3 Candidates need to find out what quality assurance mechanisms each of the services use. For example, look on the NHS website for star rating of the NHS and Social Care trust or do day services have feedback mechanisms for service users and their families? They could ask care workers and service users (if appropriate) their opinions of the services, using the internet or organizational documents to look at actual quality assurance (note: primary and secondary methods required for mark band 3). AO4 Candidates need to pick one national policy or piece of legislation which relates to Adam and the services chosen. They need to say how it has affected the service user and service provider/practitioner (for mark band 3), providing an evaluation which draws valid conclusions of the overall effect of the legislation. For example, the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, the Mental Health Act 1993, the Health Act 1999 or the Care Standards Act 2000. If you want to look at a policy the NICE guidelines would be appropriate. Anatomy and Physiology in Practice This unit covers: * Respiratory system * Cardio-vascular system * Digestive system * Reproductive system * Musculo-skeletal system. This unit is exam assessed. The following web sites may help you: * www. howstuffworks. com * www. bbc. co. uk/health * www. ama-assn. org/ama/pub/category/7140. html * www. askann. co. uk * www. merck. com/mmhe/index. html * www. med. wayne. edu/diagRadiology/Anatomy_Modules/Page1. html On the following pages you will find a revision schedule which has been published by the exam board. Revision Schedule: Anatomy and Physiology in Practice Topic | Details | Completed | Respiratory System | Understand the overall structure of the respiratory system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the respiratory system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one respiratory dysfunction in detail and the causes of the respiratory dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one respiratory diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Cardio-vascular System | Understand the overall structure of the cardio-vascular system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the cardio-vascular system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one cardio-vascular dysfunction in detail and the causes of the cardio-vascular dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one cardio-vascular diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Digestive System | Understand the overall structure of the digestive system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the digestive system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one digestive dysfunction in detail and the causes of the digestive dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one digestive diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Reproductive System | Understand the overall structure of the reproductive system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the reproductive system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one reproductive dysfunction in detail and the causes of the reproductive dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one reproductive diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Renal System | Understand the overall structure of the renal system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the renal system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one renal dysfunction in detail and the causes of the renal dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one renal diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Musculo-skeletal and Neural Systems | Understand the overall structure of the musculo-skeletal system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Know the structure of a joint. Understand the structure of the neural system and parts of the brain and understand their functions. Understand the functions of the various types of joint. Understand the functions of the musculo-skeletal and neural systems. Understand at least one musculo-skeletal dysfunction in detail and the causes of the musculo-skeletal dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one musculo-skeletal diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | Lifestyle| Understand the effects (not only physiological and but also those related to PIES) of dysfunctions caused by lifestyle choices on each of the body systems studied to include: * smoking * drug misuse * exercise (overindulgence and lack of it) * poor diet * obesity * environmental factors (including living conditions, pollution, etc). | | Some Useful Websites Plea se remember that these web sites will not be designed for those taking the health and social care paper. They may therefore be a little more advanced than you need, or may lack detail (but have been included as they will give you a brief overview). http://lgfl. skoool. co. uk/ has some animations on enzymes and digestion under key stage 4 / biology. * http://www. biologyguide. net/ useful notes on the cardiac cycle * http://www. biology-innovation. co. uk/ useful notes on the digestive system * http://www. biologymad. com/ some excellent information on the cardiac cycle and a kidney animation. * http://www. biologyinmotion. com/ some great animations about kidneys and the heart. * http://www. kidneypatientguide. org. uk/site/HKWanim. php video showing how kidneys work. * http://health. howstuffworks. com/adam-200142. tm digestive system animation. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/digestion2. htm interactive digestive system diagram to label. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/heart. htm interactive diagram of the heart to label. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/blood. htm quiz on blood. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/adh. htm adh sentence to reorganise. * http://www. kscience. co. uk/revision/digestion/digestion_index. htm some basic revision on the digestive system. * http://www. vtaide. com/png/respiratoryF. tm respiratory system to label. * http://www. innerbody. com/htm/body. html covers all body systems. * http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping. html animation showing blood movement through the heart. * http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical. html animation showing how electrical impulses travel across the heart. * http://www. kett6. net/adulteducation/heartanimations. html heart cycle animation and activities. * http://www. curriculumbits. com/prodimages/details/biology/bio0018. html breathing process revi sion activity. Child Development We will cover: * Patterns of development * Factors that influence development and norms of development * Theories of play and how play can affect development * How to plan and make a learning aid/activity for a child (0-8). This unit is coursework assessed. AO1 Identify the key stages and describe in detail three patterns (milestones) of development for each of the following: * Physical development * Intellectual development * Language development * Social development * Emotional development. Your information will cover children’s development from 0 – 8 years. You ill also need to explain two methods used to monitor child development. Suggested Format Introduce a case study of a child of 8 years or above – you can base this study on yourself. Produce a table. For each key stage (infant, toddler, pre-school and school age) describe three patterns/milestones/norms for each area of development. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * candidates will give a comprehensive description of two patterns for each area of development in children, from birth to eight years; there will be evidence of comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the patterns in the development of children (6 marks). candidates give a comprehensive explanation of two methods used to monitor the development of children, demonstrating an in-depth understanding of their importance (4 marks). AO2 Explain the factors which have affected the development of your chosen child. You must choose factors which have actually had an impact on the child’s development from: * The family * Environmental factors * Social and economic factors * Psychological factors * Behavioural problems. Explain the effect of factors on your chosen child’s development. Compare your child’s development with the norms for: * Physical development * Intellectual development Social development * Emotional development. Explain the variations from the norms. Suggested Format Produ ce a detailed comparison of your child’s development compared to the norms for each area of development (this could be started by adding to the table produced for AO1). In order to explain these differences/similarities you need to give a detailed explanation of the factors (at least two from above list) that have affected your child’s development. How do these help to explain any variations from the norms? Remember, the impact of these factors can be positive and negative. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) Working accurately and independently, candidates are required to provide detailed information about the factors that have affected the child’s development; influencing factors need to be considered and applied to the child studied. * They need to identify and describe in depth the effect of the factors on the child’s development. * Candidates will include a detailed comparison between the child’s development and the norm for each area of developmen t, showing a high level of understanding; they will explain any variations from the norms. AO3 You must use three different sources of information to research two theories of play. Research two theories of play. You could carry out your research by: * Visiting toy shops and analysing the toys available * Using catalogues to analyse toys available * Using books * Researching on the internet * Observing your chosen child playing. Analyse how two theories of play are reflected in your chosen child’s development. You must give two examples of each theory from the following list (although stages, types and benefits of play are all recommended by the exam board as they are easily applied to the child): * How play influences physical development. How play influences children’s cognitive development. * Benefits of play. * How play can be used as a theraputic process. * Types of play. * Categories of play. * Stages of play. You must keep a detailed record of all the sources you have used and record these in your bibliography. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * Candidates’ evidence will show that that an appropriate and wide range of sources of informa tion have been used for research, e. g. books, articles, internet and primary sources; a comprehensive record of the resources used will be kept (3 marks). The information will be comprehensive, with a comprehensive analysis which highlights candidates’ ability to make reasoned judgments of how two roles of play can be reflected in the child’s development (9 marks). * A wide range of appropriate examples will be used for each role (3 marks). AO4 Plan and make a learning aid/activity that will benefit your chosen child. Your choice must be designed to help their development in a specific way (use PIES). Say which area you think it will impact and make sure you justify your plan. Your plan must include: * The aims of the learning aid/activity * The objectives of the learning aid/activity The outcomes to be achieved by the child using the aid/activity * The method of making the learning aid/activity * Resources used * Safety aspects considered * Timescales. Plan your data collection methods for evaluating the learning aid/activity. You could use: * Own observations – prepare an observation sheet * Parent teacher reflections – prepare questionnaires * Assessor records – prepare record sheet * Questionnaire * Interview. Use the learning aid/activity with the child and collect evaluation data. How did it benefit your child? Evaluate the learning aid/activity in terms of: * The child’s response Achievement of outcomes * Effectiveness of purpose * Benefits to the child * Recommendations for improvements – must be realistic. Discuss how you could introduce progression to your learning aid or activity. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * Candidates will have chosen an activity to do with the child studied that shows some thought about the impact on the child’s development and that will be sufficiently challenging for the child studied; the plan will be detailed and outline the methods to be used, including resources needed, and will give timescales, which will be accurate; reasons will be given for the actions taken. The evaluation will show ability to reflect on performance and to analyse in detail the benefits to the child studied. * Candidates will demonstrate the ability to make realistic and informed recommendations for improvements. Exemplar Coursework Layout * Justification of product – ? page. * Research showing how learning aid helps development and what this means- ? page. * Aims, objectives and outcomes – 2/3 page. * Table showing method and resources needed – ? page. * Weekly plan and detailed method – 1 page. * Safety – 1/3 page. Sources of feedback- 1 page. * Ev aluation – 2 pages. * Improvements – 1 page. * Copy of questionnaire – 1 page. * Transcript of interview with parent – 1 page. Case Study Marie is seven years old. Marie lives with her mother who is her primary care giver and her twin sister. She has another brother and sister who are older than her but she does not know them well as she was not brought up with them. They were put into care when they were 3 and 4 years old as their mother could not handle them. Marie only occasionally sees her brother and sister. Marie never had her father as a permanent part in her life as when she was three years old her dad moved away, he lived with her until she was eighteen months old before he split with her mum. Marie went to playschool at three years of age she also moved at the age of three. She has been to a variety of different primary schools and houses. Marie mixed well with all her peers mainly females at every school. She has good health apart from a small case of asthma and a slight eye problem. Her asthma is kept under control with asthma pumps and her eye problem is kept under control with wearing glasses. Marie moved house again at the age of six which interfered with her upbringing as she was out of school for a while and when she went back she had to make new friends, which became harder to do as she became more self conscious about herself. Marie’s birth weight was 4 pounds 5. 25 ounces, which is below the ‘norm’ of 7-8 pounds. Marie’s height at birth was approximately 30cms, which again is below the average ‘norm’ of 48-50cms, because of this Marie had to go into an incubator, she was bought home after 10 days. Questionnaire 1. 1 Name: Marie 2. Age: 7 years old 3. Gender: Female 4. Length when born? Roughly 30cms 5. Weight when born? 4 pounds 5 and a quarter ounces 6. Was your child premature/on time or late? Premature 7. If they were premature or late by how much? 3 weeks early 8. Did your child have to go into an incubator? Yes 9. If so why? Weighed under the norm and born too early 10. Were there any birth defects or complications? No 11. If so what kind? 12. Have they had any illnesses? No 13. If so what kind? 14. Was it a natural birth or a caesarean? Caesarean 15. Do they have any siblings? 16. Yes 17. If so how old are they? 7, 13 and 15 years old 18. What gender are they? 1-male and 2-female 19. Do they live with you? No 20. Did your child grow up with them around? Not really/ saw them occasionally 21. Is there often any sibling rivalry from other siblings? Yes from older sister 22. If so why? Jealous of attention for younger sisters off mother 23. Did your child have good or bad temper tantrums when younger? Bad 24. Was there ever an arrival of a younger sibling? No 25. Did your child have to share a room with siblings or did your child have their own room? Shared a room 26. Who was the baby’s main caregiver? Mother 27. Were both parents together when the child went home? Yes, up to 18 months 28. If not did the child ever see the absent parent? Yes/ occasionally after 18 months up to 3 years old 29. Does your child still live in the house they were born in? No 30. If not, how often have they moved? Roughly 8 times 31. What sort of home do you live in? Flat 32. How many bedrooms do you have? 2 33. How many people live in your home? 3 34. Do they go to nursery/playschool or have a childminder? Playschool 35. How old was your child when they started school? 4 years and started in September 36. Is your child at the same school they started at? No 37. If not, how many schools have they been to? Roughly 8 38. Does your child tend to play with girls or boys? Girls 39. Does your child socialize well with others? Yes 40. If no why? 41. If yes why? 42. Brought up around a large family 43. Has your child ever been bullied? Yes 44. If yes what sort of bullying? Verbal and physical 45. Does your child go out to play around the area they live in? Yes 46. Has your child ever been in hospital? Yes 47. If yes why? Broken nose, drinking dettol and unfermented wine 48. How many times has your child been in hospital? 3 49. What sort of area do you live in? All right area 50. Do you work? No 51. Do you work part/ full time? 52. If you do how much do you earn? 53. Do both parents or one parent work? 4. Do you get benefits? Yes 55. If yes which? 56. Child benefit 57. Have there been any big changes in your Childs life? Moving around a lot 58. Have there been any traumas in your Childs life? Granddad died when 4 years old, another granddad died when 6 years old and an auntie died when 7 years old. Milestones Physical development | Development milestones | General age milestone is met | Age Marie met the milestones | Gross Motor Skills | Lifted head and chest when lying on stomach | 4 months | 3 months | Rolled over (stomach to back) | 4 months | 3 and a half months | Sat with support | 4 months | 3 months |

Jollibee International Expansion Essay Example

Jollibee International Expansion Paper JOLIBEE CASE ANALYSIS Summary Jollibee, a fast food chain, based in Philippines was able to obtain a competitive advantage in its local market by keeping tight control over the operations and catering to the taste and appetite of the local people. With the success in the home country, the company then expanded its operations into other countries under the leadership of Tony Kitchner. When Noli Tingzon joined the company, it was at a critical point, where it began to revisit its strategies to expand its international operations and explore new markets. Advantages in the Filipino market Jollibee’s early strategy in the Philippines market was to concentrate on the taste of the burgers. The taste and the size of the Jollibee’s burgers were made for the Philippine market. The taste of their burger appealed to the local people. Jollibee entered the fast food business in 1977. When McDonald entered the Philippine market in 1981, Jollibee already had a brand name for itself. This gave the first mover advantage over McDonalds. MacDonald with its money power moved very quickly. Jollibee’s, having had some success with its burgers; start expanding quickly to compete with McDonalds. They build volume on the reputation they had earned before McDonalds entered their market. One more advantage Jollibee had in the Philippine market was that they were the local company. The people could associate themselves with the company. This was emphasized in 1983 when the political climate in the country became instable. Jollibee continued to expand where as McDonald slowed down its investment in this market. We will write a custom essay sample on Jollibee International Expansion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jollibee International Expansion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jollibee International Expansion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The subsequent rise in the nationalism and local pride helped Jollibee secure a dominant position in the Philippine market. International Expansion under Tony Kitchner When Tony Kitchner joined the company as the first head of the international division, Jollibee already had a few failed attempts to entry into international markets. Kitchner was very efficient in creating the international division and implementing his strategy. He was instrumental in getting partners with good market connection for Jollibee. This was one of the major problems for Jollibee in its initial shot at international expansion. Kitchner implemented a two-part international strategy which comprised of â€Å"targeting expats† and â€Å"planting the flag. † The idea behind the targeting expats was to ease the company into the unfamiliar market. Although the segment was very small, its success allowed the company to generate momentum for further expansion in the market. By targeting the niche market, Kitchner was trying to take advantage of the brand recognition in the home market. On the other hand, â€Å"plant the flag† proved to be a executed poorly. Kitchner wanted to create big organization under his leadership. In the haste to entry the markets quickly, Kitchner did not study the market thoroughly before entering it. Planting the flag did have competitive first mover advantage like the company found out in its local market. However, there is a need to study the market before entering it. The unprofitable venture in the Middle East could have been avoided has research been done prior to entering. Also, Kitchner neglected the high cost of establishing market in new countries. While Kitchner created the new division to higher international standard there was a growing distance between the local and the international division. The local team were looked down up on by the member in the international division. This did affect the day operational efficiency of the company. Kitchner could have taken some step to curb the growing distance between the two divisions. Future International expansion The undeveloped Papua Guinea market provides the best option to leverage the company’s organizational skills. However, the country is not big enough to support 20 stores which the company thinks is critical mass for a new country. Even though the perspective partner was willing to invest all the money for the stores, Jollibee would have its brand value at risk if the stores don’t work. The profits being offered by the partner is uncertain and understandably low, the company would be better off staying away from this market. The fourth store in Hong Kong can give Jollibee the brand awareness to expand its operations in the country. This could be useful in attracting better partners. However given that the current stores were unable to attract Chinese customers as well as employees, the success of a fourth store is highly unlikely. It would be better for Jollibee to concentrate on improving the operations of the current store than opening a new one at this juncture. The Daly City is currently best opportunity for expansion for Jollibee. With a huge affluent Philippine population and relatively less competition prospects for the success of this store were bright. Also, like in Guam, California has a large population of Asian American which the company could target with changing the menu a lot.

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