Juvenile Delinquency Should Be Punished Or Rehabilitated...

For centuries Earth has had many problems that seek to corrupt the good things that every person strives to have in his or her life. As the twenty-first century is nearing two decades old many have been solved, yet so many remain or are being discovered. Juvenile delinquency is one of the many conflicts that occur in the world. How can it be put to an end? To solve a problem knowledge must first be obtained and data analyzed for conclusions. There are specific traits that juveniles have that help determine the risk of delinquency in a child. These can be caused by a vast number of environmental factors ranging from simple peer pressure to as grave as relying on deviant acts for survival due to parental neglect or abuse. A big problem with†¦show more content†¦Therefore, if the personal traits of a child, such as relationship with family members, are unstable, he or she has a better chance at becoming anti-social or aggressive which have an increased probability of delinquenc y in the future. Delinquency is not always the result of an unhappy relationship with legal guardians that are responsible for the child’s well-being. Influences of delinquent behavior are also present within the environment [e.g. neighborhood, school, etc.] a child lives in. It is capable of influencing delinquency, but nothing guarantees one-hundred percent that a child will become delinquent. Fabio et al (2011) performed neighborhood-level studies that proved disadvantaged neighborhoods contain a larger generality of violence. Further research led to this conclusion â€Å"Boys residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to have lower socioeconomic status [SES], poorly educated mothers, unemployed parents, poor housing, and a small house† (Fabio et al, 2011, p. 327). Also, more boys residing in disadvantaged communities had longer participation in violent acts than those in advantaged communities where violence is relatively stable (Fabio et al, 2011, p. 327). Hence, the type of neighborhood a child lives in contributes to the risk factors of him or her becoming a delinquent. One of the main arguments that varies in opinion is whether juvenile delinquents should be punished or rehabilitated for their crimes.Show MoreRelatedWhen Most People View The Majority Of Juveniles As Rebellious1174 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people view the majority of juveniles as rebellious kids who are searching for their place in the world, they do not realize that some of these â€Å"rebellious kids† could turn out to be dangerous criminals in the future. Yes, they are searching for their place in the world, but the thing that most people do not realize is that they think have found it through juvenile deviancy, even if they know it is illegal. The definition of a juvenile is someone under age 18. The brain does not fully developRead MoreEssay on History of the Juvenile Justice System1477 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: HISTORY OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM Juvenile Delinquency: The History of the Juvenile Justice System Shandi Lillard Kaplan University CJ 150 – 02 Professor Raymond Keefauvor June 14, 2011 The History of the Juvenile Justice System The Juvenile Justice System is seen by many as being ineffective in treating the youth of this country, the programs are outdated and there seems to be little, if any hope that these youth will stay on the right path once released backRead MoreIntroduction: There are many theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of juvenile1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: There are many theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the factors that cause it. There is, and has been, a great amount of young people who engage in delinquent behavior throughout the nation and worldwide. What exactly is the catalyst that incites these young people to commit crime and stray from the ethical norm established in society? Are all youth susceptible to the temptation of deviant behavior or is it just some? Theories suggest differentRead MoreSocial Outcasts and Juvenile Deliquency Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesstatus. Social outcast are also hated, discriminated and persecuted by the society and as a result they may result into being depressed and lonely. Juvenile Delinquency refers some illegal and antisocial behaviors by persons who are under the age of 18 thus are minors. This means behaviors that would be regarded as crime if done by an adult. Juvenile delinquent refers to those children or adolescent who behave in the said antisocial manner. Some of such behaviors are associated with mental disordersRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Treatment : Description And Fundamental Principles1452 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Delinquency Treatment: Description and Fundamental Principles When treating juvenile delinquency the goal is to punish or rehabilitate the problem children after they have offended and been caught. To punish is to induce pain or payment for misconduct, while rehabilitation revolves around productive work pertaining to a program of education, along with counseling of some nature (Musick, 1995, pg. 233). It is typically assumed that adolescents deserve and require distinct management becauseRead MoreJuvenile vs Adult Justice System Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Justice v Juvenile Justice System There is no question that if a person is involved in any type of crime they will at some time make their way through the justice system. However, when that person is an adolescent they will go through the juvenile justice system, as an adult would go through the adult justice system. Even though the crimes of each can be of the same manner or hold the same severity the punishment results can differ. The main reason for having the two different justiceRead MoreYoung Kids, Hard Time1290 Words   |  6 PagesIn the justice system today there are many problems such as juveniles facing jail time as adults. Crime and the fear that it creates is a rising epidemic that is not slowly decreasing in any way. Young Kids, Hard time is a documentary about a correctional facility in Southwestern Indiana that holds 2100 prisoners behind bars for everything from rape to murder. This correctional facility is called home for 53 juveniles sentenced as adults. The documentary Young Kids, Hard Time demonstrates that theseRead More Juveniles Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages As I entered the juvenile detention facility on 150th, I began to wonder about the female detainee I was going to interview regarding placement. I am sitting in a locked room with a desk, two (2) chairs and a large plexie glass window. As the staff arrived she was accompanied with Farouka (the name has been changed to protect conf identiality). Farouka is a 14-year-old Caucasian/Hispanic female small in stature, wearing county quot;bluesquot; (issued clothing). She appeared fearful and teary eyedRead MoreH.R.1501 - Violent And Repeat Juvenile Offender Accountability1205 Words   |  5 PagesH.R.1501 - Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Accountability and Rehabilitation Act of 1999. H.R. 1809 focuses more on non-violent offenders, H.R. 1501 focuses towards violent and repeat offenders. Legislation Option 1: H.R. 1501 was introduced to the House on 04/21/1999 and passed through both the House and the Senate, the main focus of this Bill was â€Å"to provide quality prevention programs and accountability programs relating to juvenile delinquency† (H.R. 1501). This bill helps to solve someRead MoreThe Effectiveness of the Juvenile Justice System Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effectiveness of the Juvenile Justice System The American juvenile justice system was designed over 100 years ago to reform kids who were found guilty of minor crimes such as petty theft and truancy. Today, the system is becoming overwhelmed by crimes of violence. Stealing and skipping school have been replaced by rape and murder. The juvenile justice system was never meant to deal with these kinds of problems. Juvenile delinquency describes the antisocial behavior of many different

The Lie in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay - 1837 Words

The Lie in Ibsens A Dolls House An action or statement that may be considered a lie to some may, in fact, not be considered, a lie to others: it might simply be considered, omitted information. The lie might seem to have an evil intent when first heard, but the true intention behind it may have been for helpful purposes or for protection. In Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House, a lie was created to help and protect a loved one - yet it resulted in a catastrophic act. The character Nora lives her life, in one sense, as a complete lie. She never thought for herself or had her own opinions. Noras father would tell her what he thought about everything leaving her no opinion but his (Ibsen 428). If she did have an opinion†¦show more content†¦Nora is also involved in so-called lies that affect Torvald. She plays ...larks and squirrels for the benefit of her insufferable husband (Hurt 436). She pretends as though she enjoys being called these degrading names by her husband, all to please him. By not taking the issue upon herself to tell him the names make her feel like a doll, she may be considered a liar. Torvald, in a sense, lies or omits the truth from Nora in the same way. He does not know if Nora likes these names. He could be referring to her by these words because he believes she likes the attention. They may believe they are making each other happy, like Shakespeare says in Sonnet 138, O, loves best habit is in seeming trust,... /Therefore I lie with her, and she with me,/And in our faults by lies we flatterd be (Shakespeare 343). If someone sees the name calling as a harmful game, then Nora and Torvald would both be omitting the truth. Both of them would be lying through the eyes of someone who viewed the name-calling as a sense of happiness for one another. By referring to Nora as these names, it seems as though he never really gave her credit for doing anything important. She was just another doll in his doll house. The names that Torvald used were poking fun at Nora in a nice way. Torvald thought Nora really did not get the meanings behind the names, which again made her feel as though she was not important. With Nora feelingShow MoreRelatedSymbolism and Sexism in Ibsen’s â€Å"a Doll’s House† Essays949 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolism and Sexism in Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† Henrik Ibsen, the author of the controversial play â€Å"A Doll’s House† said, â€Å"There are two kinds of moral laws, two kinds of conscience, one for men and one, quite different, for women. They don’t understand each other; but in practical life, woman is judged by masculine law, as though she weren’t a woman but a man†¦A woman cannot be herself in modern society.† Isben created the plot of â€Å"A Doll’s House† from those ideas. Ibsen was viewedRead MoreA Dolls House -H.Ibsen ,Critical Analysis1554 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Subject : Drama B Writer : Henrik Johan Ibsen Genre : Realistic Modern Drama Name of the Work / Play : A Doll’s House ( 1897 ) in three acts Characters : Major Characters / Minor Characters Nora Helmer ( wife of Torvald Helmer ,mother of three children ) Torvald Helmer( husband of Nora Helmer , a lawyer ,father of three children ) Dr. Rank ( doctor ,friend of Nora Torvald Helmer, confidant ,commentator ) Mrs. Kristine Linde ( old friend of Nora Helmer ) Nils Krogstad ( barristerRead More A Dolls House: The Analysis of Nora and Her Case of Leaving Her Family.1074 Words   |  5 PagesIn Henrik Ibesens play A Doll House, Nora Helmer struggles with telling her husband, Torvald Helmer, the truth about a loan she receives for them to go to Italy when he was sick. Consequently, when Torvald learns of the news he instantly insults Nora and declares that she has ruined [his] happiness (Ibesen 93). However, when Torvald tries to dismiss his insults after receiving a note that her contract was revoked, she does not accept his apologizes and decides to leave Torvald and her childrenRead Morea dolls house1153 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ A Doll’s House South University Ibsen’s a doll house centers around a time where men worked and women were the care givers of the home. In a Doll’s House there were some major points made that eventually led up to that one defining moment. The defining moment for me was when Nora decided that she no longer wants to live the lifestyle of being the â€Å"doll†. It starts with Torvalds reading the letter about her borrowing the money and Nora’s secret is finally exposedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Truth Is Mighty And Will Prevail 1331 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of practicing and perfecting lying â€Å"A final word: begin your practice of this gracious and beautiful art early – begin now. If I had begun earlier, I could have learned how†. What Twain says is false, as no lie is designed to last forever, what he means is no one can ever learn to lie perfectly, the opposite is true. â€Å"Truth is mighty and will prevail†, a statement challenged by likening it to a majestic compound fracture, which is a gruesome break of bone. What is meant by using this metaphorRead MoreA Dolls House Critical Analysis1477 Words   |  6 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s controversial play, A Doll’s House, the audience witnesses Nora Helmer, a Norwegian housewife, struggle to hide a secret financial transaction from her husband, Torvald Helmer. At the conclusion of the play, Nora decides to leave Torvald and her children in order to find self-fulfillment. Throughout the play, Henrik Ibsen offers vivid criticism on the social expectations imposed upon women in Victorian-era society. Ibsen communicates this central message of the play by utilizingRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a play that makes tremendous contributions to the rise of international women’s liberation movements . Much significance of the play can be found in the characterization of its female protagonist Nora. In many aspects, Nora has become an iconic character, serving as a source of inspiration to various social and cultural movements. This essay aims to trace the development of Nora’s behavior from a â€Å"female doll† to a â€Å"woman rebel† by focusing on Ibsen’s use of linguisticRead MoreGender in a Dolls House1216 Words   |  5 PagesGender in A Doll’s House In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, Nora is the wife and mother. This play was considered so extreme because of the problem of women’s rights outlined in this play, something that was not openly showcased in plays during the 19th century. Women were thought by most to be mothers and housewives. Nora chose to abandon her children at the end of the play to find out who she really was and to find freedom for herself. The play would be considered so extreme in the timesRead MoreHow do both The Stranger by Albert Camus and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen explore free will?1631 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the very first line of Albert Camus’ The Stranger, â€Å"Maman died today,† (Camus 3) the quirky character of Meursault is shown to be different. The same holds true with Henrik Ibsen’s classic play, A Doll’s House, concerning Nora, a mother who abandons her family in order to pursue her own happiness. Both characters, while set i n opposing societies, exhibit similar characteristics: a courageous, if not reckless, pursuit of happiness, be it physical in the case of Meursault or mental for Nora, andRead MoreDegeneration Theory In Ibsens A Dolls House2035 Words   |  9 PagesIbsen’s A Doll’s House is a naturalistic play set in the late 1800’s that features the ideas of debt, humanism/feminism, social reproduction, sexism, and Degeneration theory. Degeneration theory is an idea that when you deviate from the moral values of society or from the norm you develop a physical deformity that can be passed to you children and your family. It was used to control people’s behaviour so they would not deviate from social norms. Which William M Greenslade agrees with in his book

Children and their Issues Parenting

Questions: 1. State the developmental needs of the children and appraise the extent to which these developmental needs have been met under their current home situation.What would be some concerns you might have regarding their development 2. Using the ecological perspective and/or ABCX model and the tools of the familys genogram, ecomap and timeline assess the family after making the home visit [10 marks]. In the process, demonstrate your understanding of issues around the protection of childrenfrom the evidence you have gathered in Question 13. From your assessment, set goals and propose implementation plans for thechildren and/or family. Evaluate the extent to which you would be ableto apply the strengths perspective in your intervention plans. Please also evaluate the extent to which you are able to safeguard the childrens wellbeing and any other vulnerable adults in the family in your implementationplans.4. As you work with the clients, discuss the extent of relevance of professional dutyt o safeguard and the clients right to privacy. Answers: 1. Different frameworks have defined various developmental needs of children which if achieved successfully will gift a life to a child that will not only be overwhelming but will also help the child to achieve a bright future. The first that can be described is the need for physical activity which ultimately helps in developing both small and also large muscles giving them a stature and also goofs for physical health and safe from different diseases like obesity and others (Keenan, Evans Crowley, 2016). However, Sam spent most of the time baby-sitting for his siblings getting less scope for physical activity. This increases chance of improper body development affecting his health physically. He practiced no proper movement skills which might affect his coordination and overall physical fitness. Secondly, the better social and emotional development of the child, better he will be able to communicate with his parents, relatives and also with other children (NICHD, 2016). He will be a ble to express himself more effectively. He will also be able to achieve experiences that will help them to understand and respond to emotions to others. In case of Sam, one can see that his immediate environment is absolutely not apt for his correct social skill development. The parents are the immediate guidance that the children look for. Sams father is abusive with not only his wife but also with Sam which leaves an impression on him that this is the right way to behave when angry. This led him to beat his friend at school when a tensed situation might have grown between them. Therefore a proper atmosphere with much happiness, proper behaviors among the family members, expression of strength among different relationships, sharing of commitment and dedication from each is very necessary for him to evolve as a better human being. These attributes will make him both socially and emotionally strong and help in correct paths of humanity (Cook et al., 2015). Approaches to learning new tasks, challenges and difficult problems need also to be handled carefully so that the child may develop curiosity, interest, and ability to stay on the task and evolve as a better human being ready to face challenges in lives. Other area is development of thinking ability and also the general knowledge that helps the child to understand how the world works (Bornstein Bradley, 2014). The condition of the family is not financially well and the abusive nature of the male head is an additional blow on the family. In such a crisis condition it becomes very difficult for the child to develop his learning skill. Moreover Mrs. Liam always remains unhappy and breaks down into tears which will result in a very negative aspect on Sam. It may make him learn beating makes a person weak which he can apply in future lives resulting in massacred future. On the other hand, it may make him emotionally weak for the future where he may never have the courage to express him or may not develop the fee ling of inferiority or insecurity complex affecting his future lives (Donohue et al., 2014). The other point is the communication, language and also literacy which can be achieved through important evidence based activities. The strenuous situation that prevailed in the house of Mr.Lim gave the family members very little scope to practice the different activities that would result in the development of proper literacy skills. This would affect his career in future life as well. 2. Reuben Hill has given forward a family stress adaption theory known famously as the Hills ABCX model that helps in identifying the different crisis that a family goes through along with the contributors that cause the stress. He had described that major stressful events often disrupt the equilibrium of the family and hence the family needs to re-establish the equilibrium with the help of the coping mechanism to handle stress. In the ABCX model, the A refers to the different incidents and the events that lead to disruption of the equilibrium such as serious illness, divorce, abuse of children and also spouse and others (Kennedy et al., 2016). The B factors mainly denote the protective factors that help in acting as buffer to against the negative consequences of the stress that had come upon the family suddenly. They mainly include different external as well as different internal as well as different external family resources and also denote the social support that the families can eek for from the community, or the church and similar charitable organizations. The concerned family of the case study had already fulfilled these criteria as they had been taking social helps but they also need to take help of counselors to help them cope with the adverse environment. C of the ABCX model usually denotes the perceptions that the family develops when they face the events and feel the stresses. Hill had stated that if the family perceives the stresses positively or constructively they are better able to cope with the situation. However when the family perceives and dwell on the negative impact of the situation for a long time,, they themselves get hyper and stressed out and depression engulfs them (Frsihman et al., 2017). Mrs. Lim had perceived the situation in the later way and therefore it resulted her to frequently break down while describing them and was not been able to take steps that would lead to the betterment of the family. The X of the ABCX model refers to family crisis which states that if the family fails to cope up with the process of regaining back the equilibrium, it ends in family crisis (Pozo, Saria Brioso, 2014). As the family member could not cope up with the stresses that were created due to the abusive nature of the male head, the entire equilibrium got disrupted resulting in arrival of crisis to which not only Mrs., Liam but also Sam became a victim of it. From preparation of genogram, provided by the case study, one can find out not only the relationship shared by the different individual mentioned in the case study but can also determine the emotional relationship shared by them (Gibson Taylor, 2016). Mr. Lim was previously married to a lady who was already pregnant with Lims first child named Siew Lee who is now 19 years old. Her mother ran away with her due to the abusive nature of her husband Mr. Liam. Now Siew Lees mother is dead due to cancer. His second wife married him when she was pregnant with their child named Sam. She did so to make her father recover from heart attack. However he is already dead now for 1.5 years. Sam has four siblings named Alex (6 years old), Lily (4 years old) and Cindy (18 months) who suffer a lot due to the poor financial condition of the family which has developed due to drinking habit of the Mr.Liam. Financial help is provided by Mr. Liams mother and also by Siam Lee to some extent. From the entir e study it can be seen that abusive nature and the drinking habits of Mr. Liam have destroyed the mental and emotional peace of the family along with physical harm not only one but twice in cases of both his marriage. Ecomap is especially helpful while during counseling that helps to recognize the causal factors of the family stress and also providing different solutions as a method of counseling to the entire family (Crawford, Grant Crews, 2016). The case however gives no reason for the development of the abusive habit of Mr. Lim that was having a huge impact on the family. Various supports that the family can have are support from church and clergy, counseling techniques from family counselors. Mr. Liam should be sent for rehabilitation. They can also seek for organizations that handle such crimes in order to help her family live well. They may join communities giving support to such families and can express their feelings. All these would help them to regain back the equilibrium. Time frame setting would help the counselor to understand the important interventions that she need to take for helping the family. After assessing the condition of the family with each of the tools provided, one can see that the children are at greater risk for developing adverse behaviors as most are in the cognitive phase of learning. They make take up wrong habits and develop poor principles which will not only harm them in the future but also make the people surrounding them vulnerable to threats from them in future (Boss, 2014). Ecomap providing services to Sam and his mother 3. Relationship counseling is advisable to a couple where both of them want to participate. It remains mainly based on shared respect for each other and also depends upon their perceptions of their responsibilities to each other and also to their family (Salloum et al., 2014). However in case of Mr. Liam it is seen that when he was asked for counseling, he did not deny it but also did not come to participate in the counseling. This proved of his lack of interest to make the condition of his family better. In such case the implementation plan should involve individual counseling. It will help the victim here like Mrs. Liam to understand the pattern of violence occurring to her and family and thereby advise her of the safety procedures she needed to follow. Different therapies would help her to minimize the negative feelings grown from the adverse incidents and develop strength in her to turn back and protest. Group therapy can be instructed for her who will help her to interact with s everal other such victims and share their feelings (Negar Prinz, 2015). This is seen to be helpful for them and provide them with a network of support. Mrs. Liam should attend such therapies to make her feel emotionally strong and not blame herself for the conditions she is facing. She can also attend art therapy and also music therapy that will give her creative outlet for her feelings. Once Mrs. Lim becomes mentally and emotionally strong she can be great backbone for her children and will be able to protect them with stern protests against such behavior from Mr. Lim. Children like Sam who have faced such trauma of abuse and had seen domestic violence on mother should be immediately allowed to flush out their feelings to a counselor so that his immediate feelings can be understood. A counselor would then try to make such feeling of the child mould in a better way so that they do not develop any sort of unhealthy feelings. Otherwise these same children may end up on relationships in future which may be troubled where they might become the abuser or the victim. Play therapy will help Sam to explore life events that are having an effect on current circumstances in a manner which will be conducted through play and also through language (Smith et al., 2014). This is often denoted by renowned counselors as the important and also effective treatment for developing appropriate mental health. Sand tray therapy should also be used for the children where Sam will be able to develop microcosm using toys and sand. This would allow Sam to help him resolve confl icts, remove obstacles and gain acceptance as he grows up. Parent child interaction therapy would have a great impact if Mrs. Liam can make Mr. Lim participate in this therapy as this therapy is known to provide best outcomes for families in crisis. The children are at a high level of threat from their father and interventions are to be taken for their emotional and physical development. 4. Concerned organization of the social workers like counselors and others have to follow the codes of the Singapore Association of Social Workers (SASW) which states that counselor should completely keep the information of a family private and maintain the familys privacy by not disclosing it to the any strangers or other distant relatives (Sorbo et al., 2014). As a human being, it would be a duty to protect Mrs. Liam and her children from any life threats that they are facing and would make arrangement like emergency help line numbers and monitoring their family so that they may remain safe in future. The Counselor would also try to provide her the address of different charitable organization where she can get support for better living. References: Bornstein, M. H., Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014).Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. Boss, P. (2014). Family stress. InEncyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research(pp. 2202-2208). Springer Netherlands. Cook, R. E., Klein, M. D., Chen, D. (2015).Adapting early childhood curricula for children with special needs. Pearson. Crawford, M. R., Grant, N. S., Crews, D. A. (2016). Relationships and rap: Using ecomaps to explore the stories of youth who rap.British Journal of Social Work,46(1), 239-256. Donohue, B., Azrin, N. H., Bradshaw, K., Van Hasselt, V. B., Cross, C. L., Urgelles, J., ... Allen, D. N. (2014). A controlled evaluation of family behavior therapy in concurrent child neglect and drug abuse.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,82(4), 706. Frishman, N., Conway, K. C., Andrews, J., Oleson, J., Mathews, K., Ciafaloni, E., ... McKirgan, L. (2017). Perceived quality of life among caregivers of children with a childhood-onset dystrophinopathy: a double ABCX model of caregiver stressors and perceived resources.Health and Quality of Life Outcomes,15(1), 33. Gibson, D. M., Taylor, J. V. (2016). Using the Genogram for Career Assessment and Intervention With an Economically Disadvantaged Client.Postmodern Career Counseling: A Handbook of Culture, Context, and Cases, 163. Keenan, T., Evans, S., Crowley, K. (2016).An introduction to child development. Sage. Kennedy, S. C., Kim, J. S., Tripodi, S. J., Brown, S. M., Gowdy, G. (2016). Does ParentChild Interaction Therapy reduce future physical abuse? A meta-analysis.Research on social work practice,26(2), 147-156. Neger, E. N., Prinz, R. J. (2015). Interventions to address parenting and parental substance abuse: Conceptual and methodological considerations.Clinical psychology review,39, 71-82. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2016). Child-care structure process outcome: Direct and indirect effects of child-care quality on young children's development.Psychological Science. Pozo, P., Sarri, E., Brioso, A. (2014). Family quality of life and psychological well?being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: a double ABCX model.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,58(5), 442-458. Salloum, A., Scheeringa, M. S., Cohen, J. A., Storch, E. A. (2014). Development of stepped care trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for young c Smith, A. L., Cross, D., Winkler, J., Jovanovic, T., Bradley, B. (2014). Emotional dysregulation and negative affect mediate the relationship between maternal history of child maltreatment and maternal child abuse potential.Journal of Family Violence,29(5), 483-494. Srb, M. F., Grimstad, H., Bjrngaard, J. H., Lukasse, M., Schei, B. (2014). Adult physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and postpartum depression, a population based, prospective study of 53,065 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,14(1), 316.

Ocr Health and Social Care free essay sample

You will take the following modules: Care practice and provision – meeting service user needs, multidisciplinary teams, promotion of quality assurance by services, legislation. Anatomy and physiology in practice – respiratory system, cardio-vascular system, digestive system, reproductive system, renal system and musculo – skeletal system. Child development – patterns of development, influencing factors, theories of play, how to plan and make a learning aid for a child. The anatomy and physiology module will be exam assessed. The others will be portfolio assessed. General Hints and Tips * Back up all coursework – do not rely on one computer/ memory stick to keep files on. * Put page numbers on coursework – they are needed for marking! * Refer to texts used throughout your writing. * Bring this booklet to all lessons where you are likely to work on coursework. * Hand in coursework on time and do not leave completion until the last minute. * Bring in coursework as you go along if you are unsure that you are working on the right lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocr Health and Social Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have exemplar coursework (both excellent and very bad) which you are welcome to look at for ideas/ guidance. Care Practice and Provision During this module you will learn about: * Meeting the needs of service users at a local level. * How servicers and practitioners meet individual needs. * Ways in which practitioners within services work in multi-disciplinary teams. * How quality assurance is promoted by services. * Effects of national policy and legislation on care practice and provision. * Conducting a survey relating to quality assurance. This module is portfolio assessed. Coursework You need to produce an investigation to show how demographic factors influence the provision of health, social care and early years services in the local area, illustrating how two different local services meet the needs of one service user. AO1 Marks: 10 What do I need to do? Choose two demographic influences which have influenced the organisation and provision of services in the local area from the following: †¢ Health needs †¢ Disability †¢ Age of populations †¢ Unemployment †¢ Numbers of single parent families †¢ The number of older people in the population. Research your two chosen demographic influences using the internet, National Trends, local information sources. Write a factual account of the stages in local planning of services which includes information about: * How local plans are produced. * How demographic characteristics/trends are used to assess local needs * The ways in which services are commissioned * A description of the involvement of local stakeholders who contribute to the plan * The influence of national and local targets * How local services are organised (look at them nationally, locally and internally). The processes of monitoring and evaluating service provision. Describe ways in which national and local standards, targets and objectives may influence planning (you can include this when showing how plans are produced. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 4 marks Candidates select two demographic factors which have influenced the planning and provision of services; candidates use written expression which uses appropriate specialist vocabulary to comprehensively describe how relevant demographic characteristics/trends are used to assess local needs and inform the planning and provision of services. 3 marks they produce a comprehensive description of the planning of services. * 3 marks- they give a comprehensive explanation of the influence of national and local standards, targets and objectives on the planning and provision of services. AO2 Choose one national policy or piece of legislation on care practice which relates to the service user and services. Explain the impact that it has had. You must evaluate its effectiveness from the following: (i) The service user’s perspective (ii) The practitioners (iii) And/or the services. You must: * Identify the strengths and weaknesses * Make reasoned j udgments Draw valid conclusions of the effects. You do not have to relate the legislation to the service user in the case study, but may choose to. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 4 marks candidates accurately and independently apply in-depth knowledge and understanding to give a comprehensive explanation of the impact of one national policy or piece of legislation on care practice and provision; * 6 marks candidates give a comprehensive explanation of the impact from two different perspectives, e. g. from the viewpoint of the person who uses services, the practitioner and/or the service. Possible Coursework Layout * Basic outline of the legislation. * Implications on case study and whether the law has a positive or negative effect * Effect of the law on service providers AO3 You should pick two quality assurance mechanisms (they can be the same for each service) used by two services (ideally relevant to your case study). The following is a list of possible quality assurance mechanisms: improving information and consultation with service users, e. g. ‘Your Guide to the NHS; implementing quality-service standards, e. g. National Service Frameworks; using performance measures, e. g. Star Ratings’; improving registration and inspection procedures; evaluating the quality of services experienced by users, e. g. through surveys such as the Patient’s Survey; rewarding good practice, e. g. the Charter Mark; developing procedures for complaints and providing opportunities for suggestions from service users and staff; raising the training levels within the s ector. * Carry out research to investigate the quality assurance systems used by the services. Your research methods could include any from the following list, but you must use both primary and secondary sources: * Questioning practitioners Questioning service users * Interviews * Surveys * Observation of practice * Organisational documents * Publications * Textbooks * Internet. Give reasons for the research techniques you have chosen to use (either when discussing the information gathered or as an appendix). Step by Step Guide * Choose two quality assurance mechanisms (evaluating quality of services and improving information and consultation with service users are recommended). * Choose two services you would like to research. Choose methods of research – you must use some primary research e. g. questionnaire, interviews. Keep it simple. You do not have to gather the same research for each service but this may help you later on. Remember that you will need to justify your methods. * Carry out your research. * You should find out about the methods of quality assurance – which do they use and how useful do they find the different methods? How do they gather the information and how do they use this information? E. g. using patient comment cards might flag up an issue with reception layout which they can then alter. * Write a description of the quality assurance methods you have found out about. Analyse them using the information you have gathered. Justify why each mechanism is used. Are there any disadvantages with using these methods? Is one mechanism more suited to one of your care settings than another? * Justify your research methods. Why did you use each method? How useful and accurate are they? You can either justify these methods throughout your essay or as an appendix at the end. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 6 marks Candidates undertake research using a wide range of appropriate primary and secondary sources of information, e. g. andidates collected primary evidence through interviews, surveys or observation and secondary evidence via the internet, organisational documents and publications. * 9 marks candidates use the information gathered to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the quality assurance mechanisms used by two services; an in-depth analysis, with a range of appropriate examples, of a wide range of quality assurance mechanisms used by two services is evident. Possible Coursework Layout * Introduction. * Service one – 2 methods – advantages and disadvantages of each, why used etc. Service two – 2 methods – advantages and disadvantages of each, why used etc. * Why each research method was used. * Bibliography AO4 Prepare questions to use to gather information from practitioners who work in two different services which provide care for your chosen service user. Make sure you identify the needs of the service user and relate this to PIES. Visit the services to gather the information you need and/or research from books and the internet. Explain the approaches used by practitioners working in the two services from the following: * Preventative and treatment The holistic approach * The empowerment approach * The behavioral approach. Use the two approaches to explain and analyse how practitioners meet the needs of the service user. You should include information about the purpose of individual care assessments and plans used in meeting the needs of the service user. Explain how practitioners work in multi-disciplinary teams to meet the needs of the service user. Use examples to highlight the information provided. Evaluate how well working in a multi disciplinary team benefits the s ervice user. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) 5 marks- Candidates provide a comprehensive evaluation, making reasoned judgments and drawing valid conclusions about the approaches used by practitioners working in two different services; candidates use the approaches to give a comprehensive analysis of how practitioners meet the needs of the person who uses services; * 4 marks- a comprehensive analysis, using a range of appropriate examples, of how practitioners work in partnership is evident. * 6 marks- candidates apply in-depth knowledge, understanding and skills to comprehensively evaluate how working in partnership benefits people who use services. Case Study Adam is a 19 year old student. He has just finished his A levels and is going to start university. His family and friends have noticed that he has been fairly withdrawn recently and his personal hygiene is deteriorating. He spends long periods of time in his room and will not socialise with his friends. Initially his mother persuaded him to see his GP and he was given mild antidepressants but then the situation got much worse and Adam attempted to take his own life. He was sectioned under the Mental Health Act and admitted to a local mental health unit. He spent three weeks there after being diagnosed with schizophrenia. During his time at the unit he spent time sorting his medication out and coming to terms with his diagnosis. He has since been discharged and is now under the care of adult community care services for adults. In the town where Adam lives, the local NHS and Social Services have merged to form an NHS and Social Care Trust. AO1 Generic – requires candidates to look at two local demographic characteristics and show how these influence service provision (10. 2. 1). The 2 required could relate to your case study. Which organizations are involved in planning and delivering services in your area? How are service users’ needs identified and met? Identify the stages undertaken at local planning level, i. e. how plans are produced, the role of stakeholders. Who would be involved in the planning? How do they monitor and evaluate the planning process? AO2 Adam will need to have his needs identified (PIES), e. g. physical – schizophrenia medication, intellectual – getting him back into study, emotional – helping him to come to terms with his diagnosis, social – rebuilding relationships/friendships. Identify the two different services he will be using, i. e. community psychiatric nurse/consultant psychiatrist and a social worker. Describe how each practitioner meets Adam’s needs. What approaches does each utilise? For example, the merging of the two trusts gives a more holistic approach to Adam’s treatment and the social worker may look at the empowerment approach so that Adam feels that he is making decisions about his care, etc. How do the practitioners work in multi-disciplinary teams, e. g. care assessments, individual care plans, how often are these reviewed, how they link with the Inpatient unit Adam was in, etc. AO3 Candidates need to find out what quality assurance mechanisms each of the services use. For example, look on the NHS website for star rating of the NHS and Social Care trust or do day services have feedback mechanisms for service users and their families? They could ask care workers and service users (if appropriate) their opinions of the services, using the internet or organizational documents to look at actual quality assurance (note: primary and secondary methods required for mark band 3). AO4 Candidates need to pick one national policy or piece of legislation which relates to Adam and the services chosen. They need to say how it has affected the service user and service provider/practitioner (for mark band 3), providing an evaluation which draws valid conclusions of the overall effect of the legislation. For example, the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, the Mental Health Act 1993, the Health Act 1999 or the Care Standards Act 2000. If you want to look at a policy the NICE guidelines would be appropriate. Anatomy and Physiology in Practice This unit covers: * Respiratory system * Cardio-vascular system * Digestive system * Reproductive system * Musculo-skeletal system. This unit is exam assessed. The following web sites may help you: * www. howstuffworks. com * www. bbc. co. uk/health * www. ama-assn. org/ama/pub/category/7140. html * www. askann. co. uk * www. merck. com/mmhe/index. html * www. med. wayne. edu/diagRadiology/Anatomy_Modules/Page1. html On the following pages you will find a revision schedule which has been published by the exam board. Revision Schedule: Anatomy and Physiology in Practice Topic | Details | Completed | Respiratory System | Understand the overall structure of the respiratory system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the respiratory system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one respiratory dysfunction in detail and the causes of the respiratory dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one respiratory diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Cardio-vascular System | Understand the overall structure of the cardio-vascular system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the cardio-vascular system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one cardio-vascular dysfunction in detail and the causes of the cardio-vascular dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one cardio-vascular diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Digestive System | Understand the overall structure of the digestive system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the digestive system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one digestive dysfunction in detail and the causes of the digestive dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one digestive diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Reproductive System | Understand the overall structure of the reproductive system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the reproductive system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one reproductive dysfunction in detail and the causes of the reproductive dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one reproductive diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Renal System | Understand the overall structure of the renal system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the renal system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one renal dysfunction in detail and the causes of the renal dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one renal diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Musculo-skeletal and Neural Systems | Understand the overall structure of the musculo-skeletal system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Know the structure of a joint. Understand the structure of the neural system and parts of the brain and understand their functions. Understand the functions of the various types of joint. Understand the functions of the musculo-skeletal and neural systems. Understand at least one musculo-skeletal dysfunction in detail and the causes of the musculo-skeletal dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one musculo-skeletal diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | Lifestyle| Understand the effects (not only physiological and but also those related to PIES) of dysfunctions caused by lifestyle choices on each of the body systems studied to include: * smoking * drug misuse * exercise (overindulgence and lack of it) * poor diet * obesity * environmental factors (including living conditions, pollution, etc). | | Some Useful Websites Plea se remember that these web sites will not be designed for those taking the health and social care paper. They may therefore be a little more advanced than you need, or may lack detail (but have been included as they will give you a brief overview). http://lgfl. skoool. co. uk/ has some animations on enzymes and digestion under key stage 4 / biology. * http://www. biologyguide. net/ useful notes on the cardiac cycle * http://www. biology-innovation. co. uk/ useful notes on the digestive system * http://www. biologymad. com/ some excellent information on the cardiac cycle and a kidney animation. * http://www. biologyinmotion. com/ some great animations about kidneys and the heart. * http://www. kidneypatientguide. org. uk/site/HKWanim. php video showing how kidneys work. * http://health. howstuffworks. com/adam-200142. tm digestive system animation. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/digestion2. htm interactive digestive system diagram to label. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/heart. htm interactive diagram of the heart to label. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/blood. htm quiz on blood. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/adh. htm adh sentence to reorganise. * http://www. kscience. co. uk/revision/digestion/digestion_index. htm some basic revision on the digestive system. * http://www. vtaide. com/png/respiratoryF. tm respiratory system to label. * http://www. innerbody. com/htm/body. html covers all body systems. * http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping. html animation showing blood movement through the heart. * http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical. html animation showing how electrical impulses travel across the heart. * http://www. kett6. net/adulteducation/heartanimations. html heart cycle animation and activities. * http://www. curriculumbits. com/prodimages/details/biology/bio0018. html breathing process revi sion activity. Child Development We will cover: * Patterns of development * Factors that influence development and norms of development * Theories of play and how play can affect development * How to plan and make a learning aid/activity for a child (0-8). This unit is coursework assessed. AO1 Identify the key stages and describe in detail three patterns (milestones) of development for each of the following: * Physical development * Intellectual development * Language development * Social development * Emotional development. Your information will cover children’s development from 0 – 8 years. You ill also need to explain two methods used to monitor child development. Suggested Format Introduce a case study of a child of 8 years or above – you can base this study on yourself. Produce a table. For each key stage (infant, toddler, pre-school and school age) describe three patterns/milestones/norms for each area of development. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * candidates will give a comprehensive description of two patterns for each area of development in children, from birth to eight years; there will be evidence of comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the patterns in the development of children (6 marks). candidates give a comprehensive explanation of two methods used to monitor the development of children, demonstrating an in-depth understanding of their importance (4 marks). AO2 Explain the factors which have affected the development of your chosen child. You must choose factors which have actually had an impact on the child’s development from: * The family * Environmental factors * Social and economic factors * Psychological factors * Behavioural problems. Explain the effect of factors on your chosen child’s development. Compare your child’s development with the norms for: * Physical development * Intellectual development Social development * Emotional development. Explain the variations from the norms. Suggested Format Produ ce a detailed comparison of your child’s development compared to the norms for each area of development (this could be started by adding to the table produced for AO1). In order to explain these differences/similarities you need to give a detailed explanation of the factors (at least two from above list) that have affected your child’s development. How do these help to explain any variations from the norms? Remember, the impact of these factors can be positive and negative. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) Working accurately and independently, candidates are required to provide detailed information about the factors that have affected the child’s development; influencing factors need to be considered and applied to the child studied. * They need to identify and describe in depth the effect of the factors on the child’s development. * Candidates will include a detailed comparison between the child’s development and the norm for each area of developmen t, showing a high level of understanding; they will explain any variations from the norms. AO3 You must use three different sources of information to research two theories of play. Research two theories of play. You could carry out your research by: * Visiting toy shops and analysing the toys available * Using catalogues to analyse toys available * Using books * Researching on the internet * Observing your chosen child playing. Analyse how two theories of play are reflected in your chosen child’s development. You must give two examples of each theory from the following list (although stages, types and benefits of play are all recommended by the exam board as they are easily applied to the child): * How play influences physical development. How play influences children’s cognitive development. * Benefits of play. * How play can be used as a theraputic process. * Types of play. * Categories of play. * Stages of play. You must keep a detailed record of all the sources you have used and record these in your bibliography. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * Candidates’ evidence will show that that an appropriate and wide range of sources of informa tion have been used for research, e. g. books, articles, internet and primary sources; a comprehensive record of the resources used will be kept (3 marks). The information will be comprehensive, with a comprehensive analysis which highlights candidates’ ability to make reasoned judgments of how two roles of play can be reflected in the child’s development (9 marks). * A wide range of appropriate examples will be used for each role (3 marks). AO4 Plan and make a learning aid/activity that will benefit your chosen child. Your choice must be designed to help their development in a specific way (use PIES). Say which area you think it will impact and make sure you justify your plan. Your plan must include: * The aims of the learning aid/activity * The objectives of the learning aid/activity The outcomes to be achieved by the child using the aid/activity * The method of making the learning aid/activity * Resources used * Safety aspects considered * Timescales. Plan your data collection methods for evaluating the learning aid/activity. You could use: * Own observations – prepare an observation sheet * Parent teacher reflections – prepare questionnaires * Assessor records – prepare record sheet * Questionnaire * Interview. Use the learning aid/activity with the child and collect evaluation data. How did it benefit your child? Evaluate the learning aid/activity in terms of: * The child’s response Achievement of outcomes * Effectiveness of purpose * Benefits to the child * Recommendations for improvements – must be realistic. Discuss how you could introduce progression to your learning aid or activity. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * Candidates will have chosen an activity to do with the child studied that shows some thought about the impact on the child’s development and that will be sufficiently challenging for the child studied; the plan will be detailed and outline the methods to be used, including resources needed, and will give timescales, which will be accurate; reasons will be given for the actions taken. The evaluation will show ability to reflect on performance and to analyse in detail the benefits to the child studied. * Candidates will demonstrate the ability to make realistic and informed recommendations for improvements. Exemplar Coursework Layout * Justification of product – ? page. * Research showing how learning aid helps development and what this means- ? page. * Aims, objectives and outcomes – 2/3 page. * Table showing method and resources needed – ? page. * Weekly plan and detailed method – 1 page. * Safety – 1/3 page. Sources of feedback- 1 page. * Ev aluation – 2 pages. * Improvements – 1 page. * Copy of questionnaire – 1 page. * Transcript of interview with parent – 1 page. Case Study Marie is seven years old. Marie lives with her mother who is her primary care giver and her twin sister. She has another brother and sister who are older than her but she does not know them well as she was not brought up with them. They were put into care when they were 3 and 4 years old as their mother could not handle them. Marie only occasionally sees her brother and sister. Marie never had her father as a permanent part in her life as when she was three years old her dad moved away, he lived with her until she was eighteen months old before he split with her mum. Marie went to playschool at three years of age she also moved at the age of three. She has been to a variety of different primary schools and houses. Marie mixed well with all her peers mainly females at every school. She has good health apart from a small case of asthma and a slight eye problem. Her asthma is kept under control with asthma pumps and her eye problem is kept under control with wearing glasses. Marie moved house again at the age of six which interfered with her upbringing as she was out of school for a while and when she went back she had to make new friends, which became harder to do as she became more self conscious about herself. Marie’s birth weight was 4 pounds 5. 25 ounces, which is below the ‘norm’ of 7-8 pounds. Marie’s height at birth was approximately 30cms, which again is below the average ‘norm’ of 48-50cms, because of this Marie had to go into an incubator, she was bought home after 10 days. Questionnaire 1. 1 Name: Marie 2. Age: 7 years old 3. Gender: Female 4. Length when born? Roughly 30cms 5. Weight when born? 4 pounds 5 and a quarter ounces 6. Was your child premature/on time or late? Premature 7. If they were premature or late by how much? 3 weeks early 8. Did your child have to go into an incubator? Yes 9. If so why? Weighed under the norm and born too early 10. Were there any birth defects or complications? No 11. If so what kind? 12. Have they had any illnesses? No 13. If so what kind? 14. Was it a natural birth or a caesarean? Caesarean 15. Do they have any siblings? 16. Yes 17. If so how old are they? 7, 13 and 15 years old 18. What gender are they? 1-male and 2-female 19. Do they live with you? No 20. Did your child grow up with them around? Not really/ saw them occasionally 21. Is there often any sibling rivalry from other siblings? Yes from older sister 22. If so why? Jealous of attention for younger sisters off mother 23. Did your child have good or bad temper tantrums when younger? Bad 24. Was there ever an arrival of a younger sibling? No 25. Did your child have to share a room with siblings or did your child have their own room? Shared a room 26. Who was the baby’s main caregiver? Mother 27. Were both parents together when the child went home? Yes, up to 18 months 28. If not did the child ever see the absent parent? Yes/ occasionally after 18 months up to 3 years old 29. Does your child still live in the house they were born in? No 30. If not, how often have they moved? Roughly 8 times 31. What sort of home do you live in? Flat 32. How many bedrooms do you have? 2 33. How many people live in your home? 3 34. Do they go to nursery/playschool or have a childminder? Playschool 35. How old was your child when they started school? 4 years and started in September 36. Is your child at the same school they started at? No 37. If not, how many schools have they been to? Roughly 8 38. Does your child tend to play with girls or boys? Girls 39. Does your child socialize well with others? Yes 40. If no why? 41. If yes why? 42. Brought up around a large family 43. Has your child ever been bullied? Yes 44. If yes what sort of bullying? Verbal and physical 45. Does your child go out to play around the area they live in? Yes 46. Has your child ever been in hospital? Yes 47. If yes why? Broken nose, drinking dettol and unfermented wine 48. How many times has your child been in hospital? 3 49. What sort of area do you live in? All right area 50. Do you work? No 51. Do you work part/ full time? 52. If you do how much do you earn? 53. Do both parents or one parent work? 4. Do you get benefits? Yes 55. If yes which? 56. Child benefit 57. Have there been any big changes in your Childs life? Moving around a lot 58. Have there been any traumas in your Childs life? Granddad died when 4 years old, another granddad died when 6 years old and an auntie died when 7 years old. Milestones Physical development | Development milestones | General age milestone is met | Age Marie met the milestones | Gross Motor Skills | Lifted head and chest when lying on stomach | 4 months | 3 months | Rolled over (stomach to back) | 4 months | 3 and a half months | Sat with support | 4 months | 3 months |

Jollibee International Expansion Essay Example

Jollibee International Expansion Paper JOLIBEE CASE ANALYSIS Summary Jollibee, a fast food chain, based in Philippines was able to obtain a competitive advantage in its local market by keeping tight control over the operations and catering to the taste and appetite of the local people. With the success in the home country, the company then expanded its operations into other countries under the leadership of Tony Kitchner. When Noli Tingzon joined the company, it was at a critical point, where it began to revisit its strategies to expand its international operations and explore new markets. Advantages in the Filipino market Jollibee’s early strategy in the Philippines market was to concentrate on the taste of the burgers. The taste and the size of the Jollibee’s burgers were made for the Philippine market. The taste of their burger appealed to the local people. Jollibee entered the fast food business in 1977. When McDonald entered the Philippine market in 1981, Jollibee already had a brand name for itself. This gave the first mover advantage over McDonalds. MacDonald with its money power moved very quickly. Jollibee’s, having had some success with its burgers; start expanding quickly to compete with McDonalds. They build volume on the reputation they had earned before McDonalds entered their market. One more advantage Jollibee had in the Philippine market was that they were the local company. The people could associate themselves with the company. This was emphasized in 1983 when the political climate in the country became instable. Jollibee continued to expand where as McDonald slowed down its investment in this market. We will write a custom essay sample on Jollibee International Expansion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jollibee International Expansion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jollibee International Expansion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The subsequent rise in the nationalism and local pride helped Jollibee secure a dominant position in the Philippine market. International Expansion under Tony Kitchner When Tony Kitchner joined the company as the first head of the international division, Jollibee already had a few failed attempts to entry into international markets. Kitchner was very efficient in creating the international division and implementing his strategy. He was instrumental in getting partners with good market connection for Jollibee. This was one of the major problems for Jollibee in its initial shot at international expansion. Kitchner implemented a two-part international strategy which comprised of â€Å"targeting expats† and â€Å"planting the flag. † The idea behind the targeting expats was to ease the company into the unfamiliar market. Although the segment was very small, its success allowed the company to generate momentum for further expansion in the market. By targeting the niche market, Kitchner was trying to take advantage of the brand recognition in the home market. On the other hand, â€Å"plant the flag† proved to be a executed poorly. Kitchner wanted to create big organization under his leadership. In the haste to entry the markets quickly, Kitchner did not study the market thoroughly before entering it. Planting the flag did have competitive first mover advantage like the company found out in its local market. However, there is a need to study the market before entering it. The unprofitable venture in the Middle East could have been avoided has research been done prior to entering. Also, Kitchner neglected the high cost of establishing market in new countries. While Kitchner created the new division to higher international standard there was a growing distance between the local and the international division. The local team were looked down up on by the member in the international division. This did affect the day operational efficiency of the company. Kitchner could have taken some step to curb the growing distance between the two divisions. Future International expansion The undeveloped Papua Guinea market provides the best option to leverage the company’s organizational skills. However, the country is not big enough to support 20 stores which the company thinks is critical mass for a new country. Even though the perspective partner was willing to invest all the money for the stores, Jollibee would have its brand value at risk if the stores don’t work. The profits being offered by the partner is uncertain and understandably low, the company would be better off staying away from this market. The fourth store in Hong Kong can give Jollibee the brand awareness to expand its operations in the country. This could be useful in attracting better partners. However given that the current stores were unable to attract Chinese customers as well as employees, the success of a fourth store is highly unlikely. It would be better for Jollibee to concentrate on improving the operations of the current store than opening a new one at this juncture. The Daly City is currently best opportunity for expansion for Jollibee. With a huge affluent Philippine population and relatively less competition prospects for the success of this store were bright. Also, like in Guam, California has a large population of Asian American which the company could target with changing the menu a lot.

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Why act essays Previously, if asked why I wanted to be an actor, Id say I didnt know. I just loved to act. Of course theres the obvious fame and fortune but thats not enough when choosing career, because if you dont attain that fame and fortune, you have to love it enough to keep doing it. What makes an actor want to act? More importantly, what makes someone an actor, and what makes that actor "good". Merriam-Webster defines an actor as, "a-one who represents a character in a dramatic production; b-a theatrical performer; c-one that behaves as if acting a part, " but I think theres more to it than that. Just because you represent a character in a production that doesnt necessarily mean you are an actor. If you want to be called an "actor," I believe you have to master the art of acting. Not simply pretending to be, or behaving like the your character, but becoming your character. A good actor simply does this very well. I dont think anyone knows what makes every actor want to act, but I can tell you my reasons. I love becoming another person on stage and having the power, along with the other cast members, to make my audience laugh or cry. Ever since I can remember Ive engaged in some form of acting, from kindergarten Christmas shows right up to High School. I believe I have always had a subconscious love for acting, beyond what I could explain. I started to understand more about the art, and my interest in it, as I grew older. What enhanced my respect for drama and awakened in me a passion for theatre was a class in theatre critique called the "Young Critics Institute." There, I attended and analyzed performances and got to work with very accomplished people like Ben Brantley and Frank Rich, of the New York Times; Joan Acocella, of The New Yorker; Gordon Cox, of Newsday, and Tony Kushner, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of "Angels in America." Taking that class also helped me as an aspiring pe ...

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Assignment NOTE ) do not type the cites address - Essay Example Human relation training will enable john as a manager to understand people and effectively work with them (Whetten & Cameron 67). The Conceptual training will enable him to think and have the ability to relate and organize the various departments of the organization. Contingency plans ensure continuity and sustainability of the organization’s operation. They help organizations plan in advance for the risks that are likely to occur. It helps organization prevent and mitigate risks that are likely to face the organization. It enables the organization to be future oriented and hence make the right decisions (Whetten & Cameron132). From my experience when the computer system crashed down in the organization because of fire, all the data would have been lost were in not for the company’s contingency plan of backing up the data in the internet. If the company is supplied with good quality raw materials then it definitely produces quality-finished goods. If the suppliers give poor quality materials then the final products will be of poor quality. To enhance productivity of high quality products and ensuring maximization of profits the company has to have good

Statement of objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statement of objectives - Essay Example By January 2010, I would be fully conferred for the Master’s degree with concentration in Electronic Business. In addition, I will be credited with 3 Advanced Certificates in Management from the same university, to wit: Advanced Certificate in Information Management, Advanced Certificate in Telecommunication Management, and Advanced Certificate in Human Resource. Equipped with these academic achievements, I am prepared to undertake greater challenges in higher education. My ultimate goal is to be an instrument of change to my country once I completed the PhD Program in Community Economic Development (CED). The Southern New Hampshire University is the most prestigious institution which can accord a multi disciplinary approach to the program. I am optimistic in learning various CED issues affecting not only the local and national level, but more so, their impact and influence on international levels. I would like to be given the opportunity to share the theoretical and practical applications of CED in Saudi Arabia, which unselfishly provided me with 100% scholarship through the King Abdullah Graduate Studies Scholarship Program. I am aware that CED is a multi functional process of comprehensively interconnected strategies which enable people to develop corporations and business ventures for the betterment of communities. I plan to utilize the skills and theoretical background developed in my master’s degree to formulate policies which would facilitate and improve the application of electronic business initially in the local communities and later, on a national scale. As I delved into the intricacies of the theories, concepts and applications of e-business, I realized that I am extremely interested in pursuing higher education in a field of endeavor closely related to this. The courses that I took in my bachelor’s and master’s degree equipped me with the necessary skills and

Schrodinger Was A Genius Philosophy Essay

Schrodinger Was A Genius Philosophy Essay The task isnot so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Erwin Schrodinger. Schrodinger was an intelligent man who worked in all fields of science. In his work with atoms, he had changed and improved the atomic model as they knew it. Statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, color and its perception, the general theory of relativity, unified field theory, particle physics, philosophy, the history of science, molecular genetics, and, especially, quantum mechanics-the multifaceted genius Erwin Schrodinger studied and contributed to all these fields in the early 20th century and earned half of the 1933 Nobel Prize in physics for his major accomplishment in quantum mechanics, the Schrodinger equation. He even invented a cat that possessed the amazing property of being alive and dead at the same time. The proverbial nine lives of an ordinary cat pale in comparison (Rosen). Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrodinger was born on August 12, 1887, in Vienna, Austria, to Rudolf and Emily Schrodinger (Rosen). His father was a well working chemist, painter and botanist, who owned an oilcloth factory. Schrodingers father, Rudolf Schrodinger, ran an oilcloth factory, but his true passions were painting and botany (Oakes). According to Rosen, Until age 10, Erwin was schooled at home, where he learned to speak both German and English, as both languages were spoken there. In 1898, he entered gymnasium (equivalent to high school in the United States). There he excelled in all fields but disliked the classes that required rote memorization. For example, Erwin loved physics, mathematics, and Latin grammar, which are all strictly logical, while he hated memorizing dates and facts. He grasped the physics and mathematics material right away, without doing any homework, and was easily able to solve problems in them immediately after class. After graduating from the Akademi sche Gymnasium in Vienna in 1906, Schrodinger entered the University of Vienna, where he first developed an interest in theoretical physics under the tutelage of Friedrich Hansenohrl. Upon receiving his Ph.D. in 1910, Schrodinger took a position at the universitys Second Physics Institute as a laboratory assistant to the experimental physicist Franz Exner (Oakes). Schrodinger was an expert in many fields, an atomic theory was one of them. He said electrons are to miniscule and move to fast to describe exactly where they are. (Brainhoney 4.04) He said that the electrons move around a given shape, a cloud. A powerful model of the atom was developed by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. Schrodinger combined the equations for the behavior of waves with the de Broglie equation to generate a mathematical model for the distribution of electrons in an atom. The advantage of this model is that it consists of mathematical equations known as wave functions that satisfy the requirements placed on the behavior of electrons. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to imagine a physical model of electrons as waves (chemed.chem.edu.purdue). The fundamental equation of wave mechanics. It describes the wave function à Ã‹â€  of a particle such as an electron. There is a time-dependent Schrodinger equation and a time-independent Schrodinger equation. The time-independent Schrodinger equation is used to calculate energy levels and wave functions of quantum-mechanical systems such as atoms, molecules, solids, and nuclei. In three dimensions the time-independent Schrodinger equation is , where is the Laplace operator, m is the mass of the particle, E is its total energy and V is its potential energy. The Schrodinger equation was put forward by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926 and solved by him for the hydrogen atom. The equation is not exactly solvable for any other atomic and molecular system. In general, approximation techniques and/or the use of computers are needed to obtain accurate solutions to the Schrodinger equation for systems with more than two particles (Rennie). Also, besides working with atoms, Schrodinger had develop ed another theory called Schrodingers cat. He suggested a closed box containing a sample of radioactive material, a tube of cyanide, and a cat. The apparatus was to be constructed so that decay of a nucleus ejected a particle, which activated a mechanism to break the tube of cyanide. After a certain time, if a nucleus had decayed the cat would have died; if not the cat would still be alive. Schrodinger pointed out that, according to our way of interpreting quantum mechanics, the nucleus had neither decayed nor not decayed until an observation was made, and it followed that the cat was neither dead nor alive until someone opened the box and observed it (Rennie). Schrodinger was a genius, and has not had his model disproven yet, for science cannot look deeper into the atom currently. The difficulty that Schrodinger was showing is this: as long as quantum behavior is confined to the atomic and subatomic worlds, it works superbly and people must and can accept it. But quantum mechanics should also apply to the macroscopic world, the world of cars, cakes, and cats. Yet the macroscopic world does not exhibit quantum behavior. Schrodinger was on to something very deep, as this problem is still under investigation (Rosen). Schrodinger also tried his hand at the theory of relativity, which was unsuccessful. He studied electromagnetism and relativity and tried his hand, unsuccessfully, at a unified field theory, an idea that Einstein was working on at the time. (Rosen) Erwin Schrodinger was a person of many interests, into which he was capable of delving deeply. His many contributions to human culture were mostly in physics, but also in such near and far fields as color perception, biology, history, and philosophy. Schrodinger inspired others to develop ideas and make their own contributions in various fields. His most important achievement was the Schrodinger equation, for which he shared the Nobel Prize. The idea for which he is best known beyond the physics and chemistry communities is surely Schrodingers famous alive-and-dead cat, which continues to haunt the thoughts of physicists and philosophers to this very day. (Rosen) Schrodingers own words best describe his original genius: The task is, not so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.

The Characters of Women in The Handmaids Tale and The Bell Jar Essay

Women in The Handmaid's Tale and The Bell Jar Sylvia Plath's renowned autobiographical legend "The Bell Jar" and Margaret Atwood's fictional masterpiece "The handmaid's tale" are the two emotional feminist stories, which basically involve the women's struggle. Narrated with a touching tone and filled with an intense feminist voice, both novels explore the conflict of their respective protagonists in a male dominated society. In spite of several extraordinary similarities in terms of influential characterization and emotive themes, both novels are diverse as far as their respective style, structure and setting is concerned. While Plath's preference of frequent flashback is admirable and absorbing, Atwood's choice of presenting her novel in terms of headed chapters that alternate between her peaceful past and chaotic present is, indeed, fascinating. On the contrary, although Atwood's symbolic style enriched with biblical metaphors is ironical and inspiring, Plath's touching use of meaningful motifs and descriptive imag ery suits its admiration as one of the best autobiographical fiction. "The Bell Jar" penned by Sylvia Plath, is a tragic tale of Esther Greenwood, her depressing experiences of life and social relationship and her eventual mental breakdown resulting with her attempts of committing suicide. On the other hand, Margaret Atwood's award winning novel "The Handmaid's Tale" depicts the haunting experiences of Gilead, where sexual repression and religious extremism was not uncommon. Both novels have female protagonist, who are victims of rape and sexual violence. Marco, a guy on a blind date with Esther, calls her a "slut" and tries to rape her, and Esther's struggle can be reveal... ...w did I know that someday . . . the bell jar, with its stifling distortions, wouldn't descend again?" (The Bell Jar, p.296). Conversely, the title of "The Handmaid's Tale" is straightforward which gives an initiative to the reader that it is a story of a handmaid struggling to survive in the midst of the cruelty. From the literary analysis of the novels it is evident that, both stories have similar themes and both authors used female characters to convey their feelings about feminist issues, especially in terms of loneliness and isolation. However, there are many diversities between these two stories, especially in terms of structure and style. In a nutshell, "The Bell Jar" and "The Handmaid's tale", are indeed, literary gems in the field of feminist literature that would definitely satisfy the literary thirst of their aspiring readers. The Characters of Women in The Handmaid's Tale and The Bell Jar Essay Women in The Handmaid's Tale and The Bell Jar Sylvia Plath's renowned autobiographical legend "The Bell Jar" and Margaret Atwood's fictional masterpiece "The handmaid's tale" are the two emotional feminist stories, which basically involve the women's struggle. Narrated with a touching tone and filled with an intense feminist voice, both novels explore the conflict of their respective protagonists in a male dominated society. In spite of several extraordinary similarities in terms of influential characterization and emotive themes, both novels are diverse as far as their respective style, structure and setting is concerned. While Plath's preference of frequent flashback is admirable and absorbing, Atwood's choice of presenting her novel in terms of headed chapters that alternate between her peaceful past and chaotic present is, indeed, fascinating. On the contrary, although Atwood's symbolic style enriched with biblical metaphors is ironical and inspiring, Plath's touching use of meaningful motifs and descriptive imag ery suits its admiration as one of the best autobiographical fiction. "The Bell Jar" penned by Sylvia Plath, is a tragic tale of Esther Greenwood, her depressing experiences of life and social relationship and her eventual mental breakdown resulting with her attempts of committing suicide. On the other hand, Margaret Atwood's award winning novel "The Handmaid's Tale" depicts the haunting experiences of Gilead, where sexual repression and religious extremism was not uncommon. Both novels have female protagonist, who are victims of rape and sexual violence. Marco, a guy on a blind date with Esther, calls her a "slut" and tries to rape her, and Esther's struggle can be reveal... ...w did I know that someday . . . the bell jar, with its stifling distortions, wouldn't descend again?" (The Bell Jar, p.296). Conversely, the title of "The Handmaid's Tale" is straightforward which gives an initiative to the reader that it is a story of a handmaid struggling to survive in the midst of the cruelty. From the literary analysis of the novels it is evident that, both stories have similar themes and both authors used female characters to convey their feelings about feminist issues, especially in terms of loneliness and isolation. However, there are many diversities between these two stories, especially in terms of structure and style. In a nutshell, "The Bell Jar" and "The Handmaid's tale", are indeed, literary gems in the field of feminist literature that would definitely satisfy the literary thirst of their aspiring readers.

Media Coursework Of Mice & Men Essay

Of Mice & Men is a very poignant, appealing and insightful novella as well as film. It is a very powerful and emotional piece, which studies the themes of nature, dreams, violence, friendship, suffering, loneliness and more. The author, John Steinbeck, produced this fascinating novella in 1937, yet the film which was produced by Gary Sinise (who played George), was published in 1992. In America, in 1929, The Wall Street Crash occurred which led to The Depression in 1930. Both the novella and film are based around those two events, as John Steinbeck used his experiences from life in California, as background for Of Mice and Men. For example, Of Mice and Men is set in the farmland of the Salinas River, where Mr. Steinbeck himself was born. Using information from not just only my knowledge, I will illustrate the differences between the film and novella of this popular piece. The novel is told from the point of view of a third-person, who can access the point of view of any character as required by the narrative. Chapter one begins by unfolding the setting near Salinas River, the place in which the novella takes place. As a reader, you are introduced to the beautiful atmosphere that is exemplified by the writer. Mr. Steinbeck immediately describes the scenery and the animals in their natural surroundings. He uses illustrious description for the audience to imagine that they are present in this peaceful area. Many literary terms are used within the text such as a 3 part lists: â€Å"molted, white, recumbent limbs..†, poetic imagery: â€Å"golden foothill slopes† and â€Å"the leaves lie deep and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them† as well as different tones: â€Å"hillside†¦deep and green†, â€Å"twinkling†¦yellow sands†. Steinbeck refers to the colour green as it represents nature, and yellow as it refers to light; this type of text is used to show the readers how idyllic the setting is. Intrigued by how lovely the atmosphere is, readers don’t take notice of the absence of people. As the writer gives us an idea of how the animals express themselves, and how they live in this serene place they call home, we are suddenly introduced to the two main characters of the novel. In beginning his novel with such emphasis on the setting, Steinbeck accomplishes numerous goals. He sets the tone and the atmosphere of the story’s location, introduces his two main characters, uses imagery which has been previously stated, and foreshadows later events in the novel. The attention to his choice of words and repetition are just two examples of how he accomplishes his goals such as: drawing the reader’s attention, intriguing them, wanting them to continue reading. For example, the setting is a few miles south of Soledad, California, near the Salinas River. â€Å"Soledad† is a Spanish word that translates into ‘solitude’ or ‘loneliness’, a reference to one of the novel’s main themes. Steinbeck also shows the relationship between George and Lennie, and the attitude in which they behold, by the use of effective descriptive writing. In terms of the style of narration, third-person omniscient is used to provide us, the readers, with information, including all actions that take place within the novel. By way of contrast, the first shot of the film is very dramatic. It begins with George vividly emerging from a dark spot on the train, due to flashing lights. This is shown from a close-up shot. Not long after, shot two begins with a land appearance. A woman who is unknown to the audience emerges, running and screaming with all her might through a field, as she seems appallingly frightened. This gives the audience a sense of contemplation, questioning the condition of herself, as well as her predicament. At the same time, you start to see both George and Lennie, the two main characters, rapidly running away from a group of men, some on horses’ backs and others on foot having dogs by their side. The camera shot used within those scenes was crosscutting. In this case, it is the edit of two shots combined. The advantage of crosscutting is that the tension within the audience is increased. Viewers would continue to question what’s going on, as they are not aware of subsequent events. Although a close up and crosscutting scene is applied in the beginning, within the film, a consistence of mainly straight-on angle shots is visible. Unlike the novel, the film shows the viewer what things look like from the characters point of view, visually, rather than having to imagine everything. Due to less emphasis on written language, the film eliminates many characteristics of the novel. The continuation of viewers watching the film depends on the visualized picture; the action, the suspense, the music, ect. Throughout the beginning, heart-racing types of melodies begin to play. Percussion and string instruments are heard within the music to give an â€Å"I wonder what’s going to happen now†- effect. The atmosphere becomes tenser as a build up is developed and the music volume rises. The camera gradually zoomed back and forth during the film to focus on the character or background. Although it is merely only the opening of the film, as shown by these two extracts, there could already be a tense atmosphere within the audience’s perspective, as well as their attention span being drawn towards the film in a stronger manner. Evidentially, you can see that both the film and text differ immensely. Personally, I believe the film producer chose to differ the opening of the novella, to attract the audience making them intrigued, wanting to watch the film and wonder what happens next. The display of George being on a train with no meaning to the viewers in his first appearance, or the screaming from the mysterious woman, captivates the audience. In my opinion, the film gives more of an effect to the audience, simply because the novella only creates images in a person’s mind, while the film gives an unsolved, puzzled thought. The movie would attract individuals who like a bit of mystery and suspense, unlike the novella which would draw attention more to the civil, passive type of audience.

Bonus Banking Case of UBS

Bonus Banking Case of UBS Introduction Background Employees of financial institutions have been considered for quite some times as being among the top earners in the country. Indeed, financial service organizations have defended their compensation and bonus structure, claiming that it helps them attract, recruit and retain the best talent. In addition, these organizations have previously claimed that their employee are remunerated based on their performance.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bonus Banking: Case of UBS specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, employees will be motivated to work hard and in return create long-term value to all the organizations’ stakeholders. On the other hand, it would be expected that when an organization underperforms, the employee will similarly be affected and hence their bonus reduced (Pert Clark 2010) However the recent events, prior and during the global financial crisis, have clearly proved t hat this has not been the case. Most financial institutions were heavily criticized for their continuous persistence of highly rewarding their employees, especially top executives, despite their poor financial performance. In deed, there is clear evidence to support this augment. For instance, despite Citigroup and Merrill lynch, suffering losses of not less $ 27 billion dollar, they still paid bonuses; the first one paying $ 3.6 billion and the latter $ 5.3 billion. Likewise, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan Chase, in the year ending 2008, paid out bonuses that were higher than their annual earnings. To be specific, Morgan Stanley paid $ 4.5 billion dollar despite making $ 1.7 billion. Similarly, JP Morgan chase paid 8.7 billion dollar after making $5.6 billion and, last but not, least, Goldman Sachs paid $ 4.8 billion while the earning was $ 2.3 billion (Pert Clark 2010). Such actions lead to a public outcry by various stakeholders; including shareholders, the media, r egulators and even some of the staff. In addition, it strained the relationship existing between these institutions and their customers, with most of them perceiving the organization as to lack accountability and integrity. Certainly, the institutions have come to the realization that the previous systems of incentive do not serve their intended duty of creating the long-term value. It is for this reason; they have opted for other alternatives, such as Bonus banking, which they believe will create both short-term and long-term value by building greater relationships with stake holders such as customers and employees (Pert Clark 2010; Watkins Warren 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aim This report will therefore aim to investigate the potential of bonus banking. It will study the benefits of this compensation by comparing it to the previous system. Studying UBS, a financial institution which has opted for this approach, will give a clearer picture. Case Study: UBS UBS is among the largest financial services organizations in the world. Priding itself with more 150 years of experience, this organization offer wealth management, investment banking and asset management services for corporate, institutions and high net worth individuals around the world. In fact, it is considered as the second world largest private wealth manager. The organization, whose headquarters are in Zurich and Basel, Switzerland, is cited as the biggest in that country. In addition it has over 50 offices around the world, most of them in major financial cities. The bank is also a major employer with about 65,000 employees directly under it (UBS 2010). Just like any other major financial service organization, this institution was had hit by the global financial crisis. By august 2008, it was established that it incurred the biggest lost among its peers in Europe. Ac tually, it was faced by double tragedy. Apart from the effects of the crisis, the organization was charged with allegation of helping its US client evade taxes. These allegations had profound effects on it. They threatened its continuity and hence the government opted to unveil a substantial bail out plan to help it stay afloat. This did not escape the eye of the general public. In view of the possibility of its action affecting its relation with existing and potential new clients, the institution opted to adopt some reforms. Accordingly, a bonus banking system was adopted since it appeared as the best option to counter the perception of greed associated with the institution (UBS 2010; Irv 2009; Kamil Rai 2009). UBS Bonus Banking System According to Christie (2009), bonus banking is an incentive practice whereby a certain amount of annual earned bonus is banked in a special account referred to as a bonus account. The banked bonus is paid in specified proportion in the years followi ng.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bonus Banking: Case of UBS specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its major difference with the heavily criticised bonus plan is the fact that negative bonus also known as mulus can be declared and subtracted from the accumulated bonus. This usually happen, if the employees underperforms and is generally reflected in the organization, especially financially (Pert Clark 2010; Christie 2009). UBS bonus banking system was motivated by the belief, that if properly executed, executives will no longer work for the short-term interest motivated by the annual bonus. This system will target senior executives, division leaders and high risk traders, who are in charge of trading a substantial amount of the institutional capital. The annual bonuses, both in terms of shares and money, earned will be held in special accounts for five years. This stipulation is believed, by its designers, that it wi ll ensure the categorized employees to act in line with corporate strategy, and hence enable the organization achieve both its short and long-term. It diminishes the possibilities of the executive operating with an intention of quickly making short-term gains which will see their annual bonus increase (UBS 2010; Irv 2009; Heineman, Goodman Downes 2009). The employees will be expected to act within the set policies. Performance will be measured and negative bonus applied; if the performance target is missed, are breach of trading rules is experienced, or whereby personal misconduct affects the organization. On the same font, if a financial loss is experienced by the company or any of its division, or any cases whereby asset write-down occurs, the employee in charge will incur a negative bonus. Persistence negative performance can result in completely wiping out bonuses previously earned in terms of shares or a two-third reduction in the amount earned in cash (Irv 2009). Incentive Pl ans and Customer relationship There is, if any, a very thin line between the customers and investors in financial service organizations, such as UBS. For example, all its clients in its investment bank arm double up as investors. Perhaps only in its Swiss Bank UBS, which offer retail services, one can at very minimum observe the difference.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, due to the sensitivity involved in offering the financial service, building a relationship between the institution and the customers can be an uphill task. The connection between executive compensation plans, and global financial crisis affected the relationship negatively. Customer, especially at the UBS, need to feel that their interest is protected and the risk is minimized (Irv 2009; Watkins Warren 2010). UBS and other banks targeting corporate and high net worth individuals have mastered the art of managing customer relationship. Having this group, as a niche market, call for perfectionism. This is because they are usually well aware of their rights as customer and have the capability of easily moving to another FSO that they feel will suit them adequately. Nonetheless, the previous bonus incentive plan has had some benefits. To begin with, if properly linked with the organization’s mission and vision, the incentive would have served as platform of attract ing, recruiting and retaining the best talent. This group of employee would therefore be motivated, posses customer relationship skills and hence ensure the institution enjoys a high revenue and rate of return. Despite attracting great talent at UBS, and various strategic manager outlining the employee incentive plan will help achieve both the short-term and long-term, the approach fell short of expectation. Indeed, this compensation plan was not focused on longer-term objectives. It failed to link the risk and reward and therefore allowed employee to take short term approach that ensured performance in the period appeared favourable. Eventually this affected negatively the organizations by putting the clients’ investments and deposit was at risk. At one point, the risk was too much to bear and the clients opted to end their business. It took the intervention of a former and retired Chief Executive to convince them otherwise (Pert Clark 2010). With the new bonus banking syst em, the relationship between the institution and its clients is expected to improve in the long-term. Employees, especially executive, who a responsible for decisions and actions that can significantly affect the organizations, will automatically be directly affected by both the short and long-term performance of the organization. The potential to either gain or lose bonuses depending on their performance is viewed by many clients as form of increasing both institution and employees’ accountability. Employees just like clients and investor can directly lose both money and shareholdings (Pert Clark 2010). Nerveless, as cited by Christie (2009), Bonus banking can at times fail to motivate employees. One reason for this is because the system does not allow for employees to enjoy the immediate reward of their effort. In addition, are form of insecurity develops considering the bonus earned previously can be significantly reduced and sometimes claw back applied. For that reason, employees might be reluctant to put extra-effort and hence result in either average or just above average result. This performance will be observed by the clients and potential harm any profitable relationship. Incentive Programs and Sales People Without a doubt, sales people play an integral role in any organization. The importance of their duties is further propelled when the institution in question offer financial and investment services. When the organization deals with ultra high net-worth and/or just high net-worth individuals, the sale’s people need to be equipped with the resources, knowledge and motivation needed to handle this unique group of client. Such is the case at UBS. This institution implicitly states that its sales force support its business in a very significant way. It is the sales people who regularly come in contact with clients and potential clients and in the process offer financial and investment advice. Similarly, they are responsible of ensuring th e existing clients are retained and potential new customers procured (Levil and Curtis 2010; UBS 2010). However, to ensure that this group of employees maintain a consistent high performance, sale’s managers have opted to adopt various recognition and sales incentive programs. Sale incentive program usually target to reinforce a certain behaviour that an organization perceive to be contributing towards its objectives (Levil Curtis 2010). Levil Curtis (2010) claims, there is enough evidence to support the premise that an effective incentive programs can increase sales team performance by approximately 30 percent. The program adopted at UBS aim to retain the best talented sales people while at the same time encourage them to engage in practices that maintain and increases their business. Judging by the number of awards this organization has received through out the countries it operates; it was considered to be on the right track (UBS 2010). A sale’s manager, neverthel ess, faces quite some challenges while designing an incentive program. They can range from the internal impact they have on the institution, to external influence. For starters, it is an expensive endeavour. Official figures estimate that businesses in the US spend about $ 9.5 billion and $101 billion on non-cash and cash incentives respectively. Therefore managers have to ensure the program adopted serve the organization’s both short-term and long-term goals. Both the institution and the sale’s people want to recoup their investment, and earn their returns at the shortest time possible. This therefore increases the chance of entering in practices that might affect the organization and stakeholder negatively; especially customers. To be eligible for the incentive reward, sales people have to hit a certain sales target. They can at times be tempted to apply even unscrupulous practice to close a sale deal. Sales manager therefore need to be well aware of this issues sinc e they can have negative legal implication on the institution. For example, customers have various rights, such as right to information. This is particular important to financial service organization such as UBS. Legislation across Europe and other countries entitled the person issuing investment opportunity to provide the client with prospectus and/or statement of investment. These documents are meant to clearly elaborate the nature of the investment; such as the background, potential return and risk involved. Sale’s people, to increase their chance of reaching the target, can decide to withhold any information that might make their client reconsider the offer. A good example is belittling the risks involved and exaggerating the potential return (UBS 2010; Glick 2009; Levil and Curtis 2010). Sales managers also need to consider the tax implication of any incentive program adopted. Employers therefore should be ready to declare the value of any benefits and incentive enjoyed by this group both in terms of cash and non-cash. In the US, the legislation set and govern by the IRS specify this benefits to be taxed as ordinary income. Effectively taxing the incentives and high bonuses especially those rewarded to senior sale executives can potentially reduced the negative public perception. Although this cannot be a solution by itself, the financial institutions need to contribute a larger percentage of the money which is used to bail them out in moments of crisis (Cleverley Rai 2010). Conclusion Financial services organisations have been forced to change their incentive compensation plan in order to balance between short and long-term. This was necessitated by the fact that, the recent financial system was closely associated to the bonus systems that previously existed. As a result, the relationship existing between these organizations and other stake holders such as customer and even some employees was negatively affected. Accordingly, companies such as UB S have opted to adopt bonus banking so to ensure long-term value is created. Employees, just like customers and shareholders, will have to directly lose in case the organization underperforms. Reference List Christie P. (Mar 2009) ‘Is bonus banking the answer to banking?’ Financial  World, March 2009. Cleverley, B. (2008) Tax Consideration in a Sales Incentive Program: Avoid Future Legal Surprises. Corporate information, 12(7), pp. 123-42. Glick, R (2009). Comparing the Recent Global and the 80’s Asian Financial Crisis. Economic Paper, 4(2), 7-22. Heineman B, Goodman, N and Downes, K. (2009) Balancing Long and Short term Goals to achieve the corporate strategies: Lessons from the Meltdown. Leeway journal of finance, 12(25). 32-40. Irv, M. (2009) Will the Bonus-Mulus System restore UBS Public Perception.  Centre of Finance, 2(1), pp. 10-23. Kamil, H and Rai. (2010) Effect of Financial Crisis on Foreign Banks Lending.  The NIS bank Working Paper, 10 (102).10- 34. Levi, N and Curtis, M. (2007) Respecting Consumer Right When Closing the Deal: Salespeople Motivation. Consumers’ right and Information guide,  8(2), pp. 12-28. Pert, L and Clark. (2010) The Role of Executive Compensation Plan in the Global Crisis. International journal of economics, 20(8), pp. 10-45. UBS (2011) UBS Global Home Page [Online] Available from  https://www.ubs.com/global/en.html . Watkins, M and Warren, K. (2010) Adopting Reforms in the Current Pay Plan through Bonus Banking. Adept research journal, 3(6), pp 15-28.